Transcript JAT EA Chapter 14

Medieval Japan
Chapter Introduction
Section 1 Early Japan
Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai
Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan
Reading Review
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
Medieval Japan
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the role of geography in the
development of Japan.
• Discuss the rise and influence of
shoguns and samurai in medieval
Japan.
• Relate the impact of religion on Japan’s
culture.
Medieval Japan
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section describes the geography of
Japan, its early peoples, China’s early
influences on the country, and the origin
of the religion of Shinto.
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Japan’s mountains and islands isolated
Japan and shaped its society.
• Japan was settled by people who came
from northeast Asia. They were
organized into clans and ruled by
warriors.
• Prince Shotoku created Japan’s first
constitution and borrowed many ideas
from China.
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas (cont.)
• The Japanese religion called Shinto was
based on nature spirits.
Locating Places
• Japan (juh·PAN)
• Hokkaido (hah·KY·doh)
• Honshu (HAHN·shoo)
• Shikoku (shih·KOH·koo)
• Kyushu (kee·OO·shoo)
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Meeting People
• Jomon (JOH·mohn)
• Yayoi (YAH·yoy)
• Jimmu (jeem·mu)
• Shotoku (shoh·toh·koo)
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• clan (KLAN)
• constitution
(KAHN·stuh·TOO·shuhn)
• animism (A·nuh·MIH·zuhm)
• shrine (SHRYN)
Early Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Organizing Information Create a
diagram like the one on page 484 of your
textbook to show the basics of the Shinto
religion.
Early Japan
Japan’s Geography
• Japan is a chain of islands that
stretches north to south in the northern
Pacific Ocean.
• The four largest islands of Japan are
Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and
Kyushu.
• The islands of Japan’s are mountaintops
that rise from the floor of the ocean.
• Many of the mountains are volcanoes.
(page 485)
Early Japan
Japan’s Geography
• Very little of Japan’s land is farmable.
• Throughout history, Japanese people
have fought for good farming land.
• Many Japanese people settled in
coastal villages to fish for food.
• Because Japan is surrounded by water,
merchants could travel easily on ships
from town to town for trade.
(page 485)
Early Japan
Japan’s Geography (cont.)
• The ocean around the islands kept
Japan isolated from outside influences.
• As a result, Japan developed an
independent society with its own distinct
culture.
(page 485)
Early Japan
Why did Japanese people settle
along the coast?
Japan’s rugged, mountainous
terrain left little farmable land, so
people settled along the coast to
fish for food.
Early Japan
The First Settlers
• The first people to arrive in Japan
probably came from northeast Asia
between 30,000 and 10,000 B.C.
• At that time, Japan was connected to
the mainland of Asia.
• Wandering groups of people developed
the Jomon culture around 5000 B.C.
• The Jomon people settled along the
coast of Japan and fished for food.
(pages 486–487)
Early Japan
The First Settlers (cont.)
• Around 300 B.C., the Yayoi people
appeared.
• The Yayoi are ancestors of the
Japanese people.
• The Yayoi were skilled farmers, potters,
and metalworkers.
• The Yayoi people were organized in
clans, or groups of families related by
blood or marriage.
(pages 486–487)
Early Japan
The First Settlers (cont.)
• Warrior chiefs headed each clan and
protected the people in return for a
share of the rice harvest each year.
• The Yayoi buried their chiefs in large
mounds called kofun.
• According to a Japanese myth, two
gods created Japan along with two gods
to rule over Earth.
• The children of one of the gods were the
first Japanese people.
(pages 486–487)
Early Japan
The First Settlers (cont.)
• The Yamato clan brought most of Japan
under its rule in the A.D. 500s.
• According to myth, a Yamato leader
named Jimmu founded a line of
rulers of Japan that has never
been broken.
(pages 486–487)
Early Japan
How did the Yayoi people bury their
chiefs?
The Yayoi buried their chiefs in
large, dirt mounds surrounded by
ditches. The mounds were filled
with personal belongings, such as
tools, weapons, and armor.
Early Japan
Prince Shotoku’s Reforms
• About A.D. 600, a Yamato prince named
Shotoku took charge of Japan for his
aunt, the empress Suiko.
• Shotoku wanted to reform Japan and
based his reforms on the Chinese
government, which had a strong
emperor and trained officials.
• Shotoku created a constitution, or plan
of government.
(page 488)
Early Japan
Prince Shotoku’s Reforms (cont.)
• The constitution set out rules officials
had to follow that were based on the
ideas of Confucius.
• The constitution gave the emperor all
the power and the ability to appoint all
officials.
• Shotoku sent officials and students to
schools in China and ordered Buddhist
temples and monasteries to be built
throughout Japan.
(page 488)
Early Japan
Prince Shotoku’s Reforms (cont.)
• Horyuji is Japan’s oldest Buddhist
temple and the world’s oldest surviving
wooden building.
• The Great Change in A.D. 646 divided
Japan into provinces run by officials
who reported to the emperor.
• Government officials, instead of clan
leaders, were responsible for collecting
taxes.
(page 488)
Early Japan
What did Japanese officials and
students learn in China?
They learned about Buddhist
teachings and about Chinese art,
medicine, and philosophy.
Early Japan
What is Shinto?
• Animism is the belief that all natural
things are alive and have their own
spirits.
• Early Japanese people believed in
animism.
• The kami were nature spirits.
(page 490)
Early Japan
What is Shinto? (cont.)
• Japanese people worshiped at shrines,
or holy places, to honor the kami.
• Shinto developed from animism and
means “way of the spirits.”
(page 490)
Early Japan
What religious activities occurred at
shrines?
Musicians, priests, and dancers
performed for people who asked the
gods for favors.
Early Japan
What skills did the Yayoi practice
that they may have learned from
the Chinese and Koreans?
using a potter’s wheel and growing
rice in paddies
Early Japan
In the Shinto religion, what do
people worship? How are they
worshiped?
People worship spirits called kami,
which reside in all natural things.
They are worshiped through rituals
at shrines.
Early Japan
Summarize Describe Japanese
society under the Yayoi around A.D.
300.
Japanese society consisted of
clans headed by a small group of
warriors who protected the farmers,
artisans, and servants.
Early Japan
Analyze In what ways did Shotoku
look to China to improve Japan?
The government was centralized,
with a powerful emperor and
trained officials. People learned
the Buddhist teachings, art,
medicine, and philosophy.
Early Japan
Expository Writing Imagine you are
visiting Japan sometime in the A.D.
300s. Write a letter to a friend
describing what you have observed
and learned about the Shinto
religion.
Letter should describe the kami
and religious practices.
Early Japan
Look at a map on page R23 in your
textbook. Describe how China’s relative
location and size might have led to its
influence on Japan.
Shoguns and Samurai
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section describes the rise of the
samurai and the shogunate in Japan.
Shoguns and Samurai
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• During the A.D. 700s, Japan built a
strong national government at Nara, and
Buddhism became a popular religion.
• Japan’s civilian government and the
emperor came to be dominated by
military rulers known as shoguns.
• As the shogun’s power weakened,
Japan broke into warring kingdoms run
by rulers known as daimyo.
Shoguns and Samurai
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Heian (HAY·ahn)
• Kamakura (kah·MAH·kuh·RAH)
Meeting People
• Minamoto Yoritomo
(mee·nah·moh·toh yoh·ree·toh·moh)
• Ashikaga Takauji
(ah·shee·kah·gah tah·kow·jee)
Shoguns and Samurai
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• samurai (SA·muh·RY)
• shogun (SHOH·guhn)
• daimyo (DY·mee·OH)
• vassal (VA·suhl)
• feudalism (FYOO·duhl·IH·zuhm)
Shoguns and Samurai
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Showing Relationships Create a
diagram like the one on page 491 of your
textbook to show the relationship between
daimyo and samurai.
Shoguns and Samurai
Nara Japan
• Nara became the capital city of Japan in
the early A.D. 700s.
• Because of its
importance, the
history of Japan
during this time is
called the Nara
Period.
• Nara resembled
the Chinese city
of Changan.
(pages 492–493)
Shoguns and Samurai
Nara Japan (cont.)
• Japanese emperors at Nara organized
government into ranks.
• Government jobs were given to nobles
of powerful families.
• Jobs could be passed on to the
official’s son or another relative.
• The emperor’s power came from the
control of land and crops.
• A census was conducted for taxcollecting purposes.
(pages 492–493)
Shoguns and Samurai
Nara Japan (cont.)
• Buddhism came to Japan from Korea
and was popular during the Nara
Period.
• Nobles who were not Buddhists
opposed the religion, and struggles
broke out between Buddhists and nonBuddhists for control of the
government.
• After stopping an attempt by a Buddhist
monk to seize the throne, the emperor
left Nara to the Buddhists.
(pages 492–493)
Shoguns and Samurai
In what ways did Nara resemble
Changan?
They both had broad streets, public
squares, government offices, and
Buddhist temples, though Nara was
smaller than Changan.
Shoguns and Samurai
The Rise of the Shogun
• In A.D. 794, Heian became the new
capital of Japan.
• Today the city is known as Kyoto.
• The government of Japan declined
during the A.D. 800s because of a series
of weak emperors.
• Since many of Japan’s emperors were
children, regents ruled for them.
(pages 493–495)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Rise of the Shogun (cont.)
• Most regents were from the Fujiwara
clan, and the clan grew wealthy and
powerful in Heian.
• Powerful nobles of other clans gained
control in the provinces of Japan.
• To protect their lands, nobles built
armies of warriors called samurai.
(pages 493–495)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Rise of the Shogun (cont.)
• Samurai
followed a code
of conduct called
Bushido, which
demanded that a
samurai be loyal
to his master,
courageous, and
honorable.
(pages 493–495)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Rise of the Shogun (cont.)
• The Gempei War was a civil war
between the two most powerful clans in
Japan: the Taira family and the
Minamoto family.
• Minamoto Yoritomo was the leader of
the Minamoto clan and commander of
their army.
• After the Minamoto won the Gempei
War, the emperor decided to reward
Yoritomo to keep him happy and loyal to
the emperor.
(pages 493–495)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Rise of the Shogun (cont.)
• The emperor gave him the title of
shogun, or commander of all of the
emperor’s military.
• Yoritomo was a ruthless leader.
• He and the shoguns after him appointed
samurai to run provinces.
• Kublai Kahn and the Mongols invaded
Japan twice but were defeated.
• Typhoons called kamikaze by the
Japanese helped defeat the Mongols.
(pages 493–495)
Shoguns and Samurai
What were the kamikaze pilots of
World War II?
Japanese pilots who deliberately
crashed their planes into enemy
targets.
Shoguns and Samurai
The Daimyo Divide Japan
• As samurai divided their lands among
their sons, the pieces of land got
smaller, and the samurai grew resentful
toward the shogun.
• In 1331, the emperor rebelled against
the shoguns and many samurai joined
him.
• Although he won, the emperor refused
to give the samurai more land.
(pages 496–497)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Daimyo Divide Japan (cont.)
• Ashikaga Takauji was a general who
turned against the emperor and made
himself shogun.
• The daimyo were powerful military lords
who controlled territories created after
the Ashikaga shoguns took over.
• The daimyo protected their territories by
creating their own armies of samurai
warriors.
(pages 496–497)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Daimyo Divide Japan (cont.)
• Many samurai became vassals of a
daimyo.
• This meant the samurai gave an oath of
loyalty to his daimyo in exchange for
land.
• This system of granting land for loyalty is
known as feudalism.
• With no strong central government,
Japanese warriors fought each other.
(pages 496–497)
Shoguns and Samurai
The Daimyo Divide Japan (cont.)
• The Onin War raged from 1467 to 1477.
• Much of Kyoto was destroyed then.
• After the war, fighting spread throughout
the country as daimyo resisted shoguns.
• The Ashikaga shogunate fell in 1567.
(pages 496–497)
Shoguns and Samurai
Why did the samurai resent the
shoguns?
As the samurai divided their land,
the pieces got smaller and smaller.
They felt the shoguns had not given
them enough land.
Shoguns and Samurai
What was a shogun? Who was the
first shogun, and how did he gain his
position of power?
A shogun was a military ruler of
Japan. The emperor appointed
Minamoto Yoritomo as first shogun to
keep him loyal.
Shoguns and Samurai
What prevented the Mongol
conquest of Japan?
Violent storms, called typhoons,
smashed most of the Mongol ships.
Shoguns and Samurai
Describe Describe events related
to the growth of Buddhism in Japan.
Answers should match information in
the text.
Shoguns and Samurai
Explain Why did the power of the
Japanese emperors decline during
the A.D. 800s?
Regents refused to give up their
power, while nobles gained power
and formed personal armies.
Shoguns and Samurai
Analyze How did the beliefs of the
samurai affect Japanese soldiers in
World War II?
They refused to surrender and
fought to the death.
Shoguns and Samurai
Expository Writing Create a
constitution, or plan for government,
that describes the relationship
between the emperor and shogun,
the daimyo, and the samurai.
Constitutions should explain relative
relationships.
Shoguns and Samurai
Discuss how the power of Japan’s
emperor changed over time.
Life in Medieval Japan
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section describes the influence of
religion on Japan’s cultural development
and the roles of various social groups.
Life in Medieval Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Buddhism and Shinto shaped much of
Japan’s culture. These religions
affected Japanese art, architecture,
novels, and plays.
• Some Japanese nobles, merchants, and
artisans grew wealthy during the shogun
period, but the lives of women remained
restricted in many areas of life.
Life in Medieval Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Kyoto (kee·OH·toh)
Meeting People
• Murasaki Shikibu (MUR·uh·SAH·kee
shee·kee·boo)
Life in Medieval Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• sect (SEHKT)
• martial arts (mahr·shuhl)
• meditation (MEH·duh·TAY·shuhn)
• calligraphy (kuh·LIH·gruh·fee)
• tanka (TAHNG·kuh)
• guild (GIHLD)
Life in Medieval Japan
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Summarizing Information Complete a
diagram like the one on page 498 of your
textbook describing the role of women in
the families of medieval Japan.
Life in Medieval Japan
Japanese Religion and Culture
• During the Middle Ages, Japanese
people practiced both Shinto and
Buddhism.
• When it reached Japan, Buddhism had
divided into different sects, or smaller
religious groups.
• Pure Land Buddhism was a sect of
Mahayana Buddhism.
• Its message is about a happy life after
death.
(pages 499–501)
Life in Medieval Japan
Japanese Religion and Culture (cont.)
• Zen Buddhism is another important sect
of Buddhism brought to Japan from
China.
• Zen teaches that people can find inner
peace through self-control and a simple
way of life.
• Japanese art reveals the Japanese
people’s love of beauty and simplicity.
(pages 499–501)
Life in Medieval Japan
Japanese Religion and Culture (cont.)
• Art in the Middle Ages included wooden
items coated in lacquer, landscape
paintings, folded paper called origami,
and tea ceremonies.
• Japanese buildings were influenced by
Chinese or Japanese styles.
• Shinto shrines followed the Japanese
style; Buddhist temples followed the
Chinese style.
(pages 499–501)
Life in Medieval Japan
Japanese Religion and Culture (cont.)
• The Japanese borrowed and adapted
the Chinese style of writing using
characters.
• Calligraphy, the art of writing
beautifully, was important in Japan.
• The tanka is Japan’s oldest form of
poetry.
• Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote The Tale
of Genji, the story of a Japanese prince.
(pages 499–501)
Life in Medieval Japan
Japanese Religion and Culture (cont.)
• Noh plays taught Buddhist ideas and
were performed on a bare stage by
actors in robes and masks.
(pages 499–501)
Life in Medieval Japan
How were Japanese gardens built?
Why were they built this way?
Japanese gardens were designed to
imitate nature in miniature form.
The gardens contained rocks, a few
plants, and raked sand. They were
meant to create peace and
calmness.
Life in Medieval Japan
Economy and Society
• Very few people benefited from Japan’s
wealth under the shoguns.
• Most people in Japan remained poor.
• Japanese farmers
worked hard to
grow rice, wheat,
millet, and barley.
(pages 503–504)
Life in Medieval Japan
Economy and Society (cont.)
• In the 1100s, advances in irrigation and
crops allowed them to grow more food
and their lives improved.
• Artisans made weapons, armor, and
tools for merchants to sell.
• As trade increased, artisans began
making pottery, paper, textiles, and
lacquered items.
(pages 503–504)
Life in Medieval Japan
Economy and Society (cont.)
• Kyoto, the capital of Japan, was a major
center of production and trade.
• Many groups of artisans and merchants
were located there.
• Japanese extended families included
grandparents, parents, and children,
with a man heading the family.
• Women were expected to obey their
father, their husband, and their sons.
(pages 503–504)
Life in Medieval Japan
Economy and Society (cont.)
• Despite their lack of freedom, some
women made important contributions to
Japanese culture.
• During the time of Shotoku, wealthy
women could be rulers and own
property, but women lost these
freedoms after the samurai and daimyo
took control.
• Marriages were arranged by parents, but
in farming families women had more
control over whom they married.
(pages 503–504)
Life in Medieval Japan
What was life like for a Japanese
farming woman?
Wives of farmers worked long, hard
hours in the fields. They also had to
cook, spin and weave cloth, and
care for their children.
Life in Medieval Japan
How did the Shinto and Buddhist
religions meet different needs in
Japan?
Shinto: concerned with daily life;
Buddhism: prepared people for the
life to come.
Life in Medieval Japan
What were Noh plays, and how were
they performed?
Japan’s oldest form of play;
performed on a simple, bare stage
by actors who wore masks and
danced, gestured, and chanted
poetry to music.
Life in Medieval Japan
Describe How did guilds benefit
artisans and daimyos?
Guilds offered protection from rival
artisans, and sold daimyo goods
they could not get themselves.
Life in Medieval Japan
Analyze Why do you think women
lost some of their freedoms when
Japan became a warrior society?
Answers will vary.
Life in Medieval Japan
Descriptive Writing Write a brief
article for a travel magazine
describing the architecture of Shinto
shrines and Buddhist temples in
Japan during the Middle Ages
Articles should note that Shinto
shrines were Japanese in style,
while Buddhist temples were built in
a Chinese style.
Life in Medieval Japan
Discuss what you have learned about the
samurai in medieval Japan.
Medieval Japan
Section 1: Early Japan
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Japan’s mountains and islands isolated
Japan and shaped its society.
• Japan was settled by people who came
from northeast Asia. They were
organized into clans and ruled by
warriors.
Medieval Japan
Section 1: Early Japan
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Prince Shotoku created Japan’s first
constitution and borrowed many ideas
from China.
• The Japanese religion, called Shinto,
was based on nature spirits.
Medieval Japan
Section 2: Shoguns and Samurai
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• During the A.D. 700s, Japan built a
strong national government at Nara, and
Buddhism became a popular religion.
• Japan’s civilian government and the
emperor came to be dominated by
military rulers knows as shoguns.
• As the shogun’s power weakened,
Japan broke into warring kingdoms run
by rulers known as daimyo.
Medieval Japan
Section 3: Life in Medieval Japan
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Buddhism and Shinto shaped much of
Japan’s culture. These religions
affected Japanese art, architecture,
novels, and plays.
• Some Japanese nobles, merchants, and
artisans grew wealthy during the shogun
period, but the lives of women remained
restricted in many areas of life.
Medieval Japan
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary word that completes the
sentence.
E 1. The __ was the military
__
leader of Japan.
__
F 2. Many artisans and
merchants formed __
for protection and
profit.
__
C 3. The Yayoi formed __
that were headed by a
small group of warriors.
__
H 4. In __, a person clears
the mind of all thoughts
and desires.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
tanka
daimyo
clans
sects
shogun
guilds
samurai
meditation
Medieval Japan
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary word that completes the
sentence.
A 5. The __ is an unrhymed
__
poem of five lines.
B 6. Each vassal gave an
__
oath of loyalty to his __.
__
G 7. The private armies of
Japanese nobles were
made up of __.
__
D 8. Buddhism was divided
into many different __.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
tanka
daimyo
clans
sects
shogun
guilds
samurai
meditation
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 Early Japan
How did geography shape
Japanese society?
The many mountains limited the
amount of farmland. Armies often
fought over farmland, and people
turned to fishing and trading among
the islands.
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 Early Japan
How did Shotoku use Chinese
government and culture as a
model?
He created a constitution that gave
all power to the emperor. He also
set up a bureaucracy. He sent
officials and students to China to
study religion, art, medicine, and
philosophy. He also built Buddhist
temples and monasteries.
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai
Describe the roles of shoguns.
Shoguns were military leaders
appointed by the emperor to govern.
They controlled military forces and
ruled provinces through samurai.
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai
What happened when the shogun’s
power weakened?
Japan broke into warring kingdoms
ruled by daimyo.
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan
Which religions shaped much of
Japan’s culture?
Shinto and Buddhism
Medieval Japan
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan
How did the shogun period affect
different groups of Japanese
people?
Some nobles, merchants, and
artisans grew wealthy, but women’s
lives remained restricted.
Medieval Japan
Analyze Why do you think the
early Japanese people were so
independent?
Islands and mountains limited
contact with the rest of Asia.
Medieval Japan
Contrast How were the Yayoi
more advanced than the Jomon?
The Jomon were nomadic, fished,
and made pottery. In contrast, the
Yayoi farmed and made pottery on a
wheel, metal tools, weapons, and
bells.
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Map
Geography of Japan
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Early Japan
Sushi refers to a Japanese dish that combines rice,
vinegar, and other ingredients. Some people
believe all sushi has raw fish, but this is not true.
Some varieties of sushi are made of vegetables.
Shoguns and Samurai
Today, the Japanese city of Kyoto has a population of
about 1.5 million people. Because the city was not
bombed in World War II, it is the only major city in
Japan to have a significant number of prewar
buildings. It is now considered the cultural center of
Japan.
Life in Medieval Japan
The Japanese martial art known as aikido can
trace its origins to ancient self-defense techniques,
perhaps as far back as the A.D. 800s. Aikido uses
various throws and twists to immobilize an attacker.
Originally, aikido had no offensive moves, and
competitions were not possible.
Reading Social Studies
Learn It!
Identifying Cause and Effect
Learning to identify causes (reasons) and effects
(results) will help you understand how and why
things happen in history. Read the passage on the
following slide and think about the result (effect) of
Japan having mountains. Then see how the
information can be pulled out and placed into a
graphic organizer.
Reading Social Studies
Cause
Because of Japan’s mountains,
only about 20 percent of its land
can be farmed. Throughout
Japan’s history, local armies
often fought over the few
patches of fertile farmland. Just
as in ancient Greece, the
rugged terrain forced many
Japanese to turn to the sea for a
living.
—from page 485
Effects
Reading Social Studies
Because of Japan’s mountains, only about
20 percent of its land can be farmed.
Throughout Japan’s history, local armies
often fought over the few patches of fertile
farmland. Just as in ancient Greece, the
rugged terrain forced many Japanese to
—from page 485
turn to the sea for a living.
Cause:
Japan’s
mountains
Effect:
land could not be farmed
Effect:
armies fought for farmland
Effect:
Japanese fished for a living
Reading Social Studies
Practice It!
Using Graphic Organizers
Read the paragraph on page 483 of your textbook
and create your own graphic organizer to show the
effects of Yoritomo’s ruthless rule.
Medieval Japan
Introduction
Early Japan
Shoguns and Samurai
Life in Medieval Japan
Japan’s New Constitution
Bushido Code
Focus on Everyday Life
Samurai
The path to becoming a samurai was difficult and
dangerous. Mothers in samurai families began
teaching their sons Bushido at a young age. They
taught their sons to place bravery, honor, and
loyalty above all else. Each young warrior knew and
could recite from memory the brave feats of his
samurai ancestors. For centuries, young samurai
lived apart from their families in the castle of their
lord or in the barracks of their lord’s town.
Beginning in the 1800s, samurai schools were built,
and boys lived there to continue the educations
their mothers had started. From the age of 10, they
trained in the martial arts and studied other
subjects, such as math and astronomy. By the age
of 16, some young men were already promising
warriors who distinguished themselves in battle.
Connecting to the Past
1. What lessons was the mother of a samurai
responsible for teaching her young son?
Bushido, and to place loyalty, honor, and bravery
above all else
2. Do you think soldiers today have a code of conduct
similar to Bushido? Explain.
Answers will vary.
Prince Shotoku
The Horyuji temple built
by Prince Shotoku
A.D. 573–621
Statue believed to be
of Prince Shotoku
Murasaki Shikibu c. A.D. 973–1025
Scene from The Tale of Genji
Murasaki Shikibu
Chapter 14
Daily Focus Skills
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Chapter 14
Daily Focus Skills
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Chapter 14
Daily Focus Skills
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