Transcript Feudal Japan

Japan
The Growth of Japanese
Civilization
• Japan’s Location
• Japan lies east of China; name means “land of
the rising sun”
• Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea
•
500 miles of water separate it from China
• Geography of Japan
Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile
archipelago
The Jomon (Joh-Mohn)
• Found originally around 5000 B.C.
• They made clay pottery, using knotted cords to
make designs on the clay’s surface.
• This culture is called Jomon, which means “cord
marks” in Japanese.
• Settled in fishing villages. Fishing became their
way of life.
• Lasted until 300 B.C.
The Yayoi (Yah-yoy)
• Displaced immigrants from Korea and
China around 300 B.C.
• Introduced farming to Japan (Grew rice in
patties).
• They brought the technology of Bronze
and Iron. They made axes, knives, and
hoes from iron. They made swords spears
and bells from bronze.
• Organized themselves into clans.
• A clan was a group of families related by
blood or marriage.
• Protected by warriors
• The Yayoi also brought Shinto to Japan.
Shinto “Way of the Spirits”
• All natural things are alive, even the winds,
the mountains, and the rivers.
• Animism-the idea that all things have their
own spirit.
• Kami-Nature spirits provided help
• To honor Kami, they worshipped
shrines.
Yamato
• A.D. 500 Yamato grew in power and
eventually took over the islands.
• Claimed that they came from the sun
goddess and, therefore, had a right to rule
Japan.
• Jimmu (jeem-mu)-Yamato leader took the
title “emperor of Heaven.”
Yamato Period: 300-710
Began promoting the adoption
of Chinese culture:
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Confucianism.
Language (kanji characters).
Buddhist sects.
Chinese art & architecture.
Government structure.
“Great Kings” era
Japanese Culture
Buddhism in Japan
• Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from
contact with Korea
• Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with
Shinto practices
Cultural Borrowing from China
• Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in
Japan as result
• Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways
of everyday living
• Japan does not copy China’s civil-service
system
Prince Shotoku: 573-621
• Shotoku was a Yamato Prince. He looked
to China to create a strong government.
• Created a Constitution- Gave all power
to the Emperor.
Prince Shotoku: 573-621
 Adopted Chinese
culture and
Confucianism.
 Buddhist sects
allowed to develop.
 Created a new
government
structure: 17
Article
Constitution
in 604. First form
of Japanese writing
Heian Period: 794-1156
Characteristics:
 Growth of large landed estates.
 Arts & literature of China
flourished.
 Elaborate court life is highly refined…a
lot of etiquette was taught.
 Great novel was written
 The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki
Shikibu 1000 pgs.
Heian Period:
Cultural Borrowing
1.Chinese writing.
2.Chinese artistic styles.
3.Buddhism in the form of
ZEN.
Tale of Genji (first novel)
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
Author of the Tale of Genji.
Who Were the Samurai?
*To create their armies and protect their
land, nobles gave land to warriors who
agreed to fight. These warriors became
known as the Samurai.
* Samurai means “One who serves”.
*Lived by a strict code of conduct called
Bushido.
*A Samurai would die before betraying
his lord or before to being captured.
Code of Bushido
“The Way of the
*Courageous,
Loyal
Warrior.”
and Honorable
* Masculine and
brave
* Simplicity…not
caring for wealth.
*Polite and honest
Full Samurai Attire
Samurai Sword
What is a Shogun?
*Shoguns came into power after a civil
war between the Minamoto family & the
Yamato Family.
*Shogun-title given to the Commander
of all of the Emperor’s military forces.
*With Shoguns came two governments
*(1).The Emperor was still the head of
the country, but had no power.
*(2). The military government was
known as the Shogunate. Shoguns ran
the country for the next 700 years.
Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate in
1192. This was the first Shogun to
Mongol
“Invasions
”
of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze
kamikaze winds stopped them.
Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor
The Daimyo Divide Japan
*Ashikaga Takauji turned against the
emperor and made himself Shogun in
1333.
*Not as efficient as Kamakura.
*The Ashikaga Shogunate began.
*Weak rulers, revolts broke out.
*Country is divided into territories led
powerful military lords known as
Daimyo (DY-mee-yo).
*Samurai warriors became Vassals.
*Samurai gave an oath of loyalty to his
daimyo and promised to serve him in
times of war.
*In return, the Samurai received land.
*This bond is known as Feudalism.
The emperor
reigned, but did
not always rule!
Feudal
Society
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty, the
holding of land, and military
service.
Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Samurai
Peasant
Daimyo
Loyalty
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasant
Loyalty
Samurai
Peasant
Food
Peasant
Feudalism
A political, economic, and
social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land,
and military service.
Europe:
King
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Knight
Peasant
Lord
Loyalty
Lord
Knight
Peasant
Loyalty
Knight
Peasant
Food
Peasant
Code of Chivalry
*Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility