Transcript PP Religion in India 2[1]

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Religion in India
Click to edit Master subtitle style
Chapter 8 Section 1
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By: Annalisa Szymanski, Brett Perkins and
Taylor Nilsson
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Religious Traditions
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Almost all Indian religions worship one
superpower or God, some worship more than
one God.
Religious customs and traditions vary
Practices are diverse, but there are some
common beliefs.
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Overview of Religions
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Most of the Indian religion spreading has gone through southeast
and East Asia; recently it has spread through to Europe and North
America
Many world religions have originated in India and other religions
were traced back to be bread in India
There is a large diversity in Indian religions, which creates a rich
culture.
All religious beliefs stand equal before the law, but India still faces
issues with competing political parties and what religion group
should be the most powerful.
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Religions in India
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The three religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism were
developed in India in ancient times and are considered to
have molded the Indian philosophy as we understand it today.
Hinduism is a polytheism religion that developed in India about
5000 years ago and is one of the oldest religions in the world.
Today, about 80 percent of the Indian population practices
Hinduism.
Although Jainism and Buddhism was popular in India in ancient
times, less than 1% of the population follow those religions
today.
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RELIGION IN
INDIA PIE
81.5% Hindu
GRAPH
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12.3% Islam
ALL OTHERS 2%
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Basic Hindu Beliefs
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Hinduism is a world religion with no founder
and has no formal church
Hinduism is traced back to Aryan beliefs and
practices, which have been changing over
thousands of years
Indian Culture is shaped and unified around
Hinduism
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Sacred Texts
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Sacred Texts are documents of Hindu beliefs
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Two important Hindu texts:
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The Vedas composed of eternal truths that were revealed to
the wise men
The Upanishads helped explain The Vedas ideas
Law codes, epics & long narrative poems were ways Hindus
wrote their ideas
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Such poems as The Ramayana and The Mahabharata are the
two most famous Hindu epics
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The Ramayana
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Valmiki was first to write it
around 300 BCE and much has
been added over the years.
Rama, based off of God Vishnu,
wife is abducted by Ravana, the
demon king.
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Rama goes into the forest and
encounters many adventures he
has to face
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Helps Rama deal with dharma
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Brahman
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In Hinduism thousands of gods are worshiped
Brahman is a single supreme force that all
gods are part of
Brahman is nameless, formless, and unlimited,
and many Hindus believe it is hard for many to
understand
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Hinduism
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There are three main gods of Hinduism. These gods each have his own family,
and take many forms.
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Brahma “the creator”
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Vishnu “the preserver”
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Siva “the destroyer”
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Different sects (religious groups) these gods
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Hindus believe in the unity of all life
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An atman is an essential self or a universal soul
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Hindus believe that all of nature is part of the same universal soul
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Hindus are nonviolent, and respect nature
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Reincarnation
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Moksha-The true goal in a Hindus life- to believe in feeling the soul
from the body so that the soul can unite with Brahman
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Moksha cannot be achieved in ones life time
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Hindus believe people undergo reincarnation, the rebirth of soul in
various forms. These forms can be from a God to a flower to a
snake. All forms are temporary.
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Karma
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The law of Karma governs the cycle of death &
rebirth until the soul reaches union with
Brahman
Karma- a law that holds every deed (mental
or physical) in life and affects ones fate in a
future life.
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Every good dead will end in happiness
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Every bad deed ends in sorrow
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Hinduism Caste System
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The caste system was developed in ancient
times from 4 social classes of the Aryans
The caste system set up a strict social and
religious order
When one was born into a caste they would
stay in the caste for life and could only marry
one in that caste
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Caste system and Karma
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Hindus think that Karma corresponds with the
caste system
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If one has done bad then they would be in the
lower caste
If one was good they would be in the higher castecloser to moksha (the true goal)
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Caste Duties
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Each caste has its own dharma (duties and
obligations)
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Dharma is the obedience to caste rules and moral
laws
If ones carries out their duties they can have a
hope in their next life to move up in the caste
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Buddhism
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By 600 B.C the Brahman Caste had become
powerful and claimed they could perform the
carried rituals of Hinduism
People, such as Siddhartha Gautama, tried to
lower the priests power
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Gautama’s
Enlightenment
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Gautama’s Story
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Son of local ruler, enjoyed life of luxury, not noticing the real human
world
When Gautama went beyond the palace walls, he discovered life was
full of suffering and misery
He set out on a 6 year journey to find the cause of misery
One day he sat in meditation under a sacred tree and understood the
cause of suffering and the cure
From then on he was then known as Buddha, or also as the
“Enlightened One”
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The Buddha’s teachings
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The Buddha spent the rest of his life teaching others what he learned and
called his ideas the Four Nobel Truths
The Four Nobel Truths:
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Suffering is universal- every body suffers from pain, sickness, or death
The cause of suffering is desire-pleasure causes suffering, because pleasure
must end
The only way to end suffering is to crush desire-if people give up desire they
may reach a freedom from the cycle of birth or death, known as nirvana
The way to end desire is to follow the Noble Eightfold Path (the guide to
right conduct)
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Buddha and Hinduism
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The Buddha thought of himself as a Hindu (he
believed in reincarnation, karma)
Although Buddha was Hindu he denied the
existence of any gods, thought priests were not
necessary, and rejected the caste system
Instead Hindus had to find nirvana by following
the Noble Eightfold Path
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Spread of Buddhism
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Many people followed the Buddha
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He set up monasteries and convents where people could devote
themselves to his Noble Eightfold Path
After Buddha died, his ideas were recorded in The Three Baskets of
Wisdom
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Buddhist missionaries carried Buddha's ideas across Asia
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Hinduism absorbed many Buddhist ideas also
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Difference in Buddha figures
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format
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Second Outline Level

Third Outline Level

Gautama
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Fourth Outline
Level
 Fifth Outline
Level
 Sixth Outline
Level
 Seventh
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
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the outline
Chinese
Indian
Buddha
Buddha
text format
(laughing
Buddha)
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outline text

Second Outline Level
format
 Third Outline Level

Second
Outline Level
 Fourth Outline
Third Outline Level
Level
 Fourth Outline
 Fifth Outline
Level
Level
 Fifth Outline
 Sixth Outline
Level
Level
 Sixth Outline
 Seventh
Level
Outline Level
Chinese Monk Budai
 Seventh
 Eighth

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Two Sects of Buddhism
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Theravada Buddhism
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Stressed the monastic life & way to get
nirvana
They thought of Buddha as a teacher, not a
God
Mahayana Buddhism
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Worshiped Buddha as a God
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Other Religious Traditions
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Jainism was a religion that developed out of efforts to reform
Hinduism
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Mahavira was the founder of Jainism who lived during Buddha’s
time, and rejected the power of the Brahmans, but included the
idea of reincarnation
Jainists believe in ahimsa, or nonviolence to any living creature,
therefore all Jainists are vegetarians
Christian communities developed along with Islam
communities
In 1500 Sikhism developed, as a combination of Hinduism and
Islam
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SYMBOL OF
JAINISM
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format

Second Outline Level

-
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Third Outline Level
The hand symbolizes
“do not be
Fourth Outline
Level
afraid” or “stop
before violence
 Fifth
occurs”

Outline
Level
The circle in the center
Sixth
Outline
represents reincarnation
Level
Seventh
The word in themiddle
Outline of the
circle, is ahimsa Level
 Eighth
Outline
The 24 spokes in the
circle
Level
represent the 24 enlighteners of
Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit
Jainism
Master text styles
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