Transcript Han`gul
KOREA: Dynamics and Change Chapter 17 Section 2 Sami W. LESSON QUESTIONS • How did Chinese culture influence Korea? • What are some achievements of Korean civilization? • How did imperialism affect Korea? EARLY TRADITIONS • From A.D. 100 to A.D. 668 3 kingdoms dominated Korea – Koguryo in the North – Paekche in the Southwest – Sillia in the Southeast • Absorbed many ideas and customs from China – Buddhism – Confucianism – written script Spread of Culture • Culture was spread several ways – – – – China ruled parts of Northern Korea at times Refugees fled from China to Korea Buddhist missionaries Koreans went to study in China POWERFUL DYNASTIES • In 668 Silla Kingdom united Korea • Only 3 periods of Dynastic Rule – Silla: 668-918 – the Golden Age • Traders came from all over • Capital was Kyonju • Buddhist beliefs influenced architecture, sculpture, and literature – Koryo: 918-1392 – where ‘Korea’ comes from • Capital was Kaesong • Wang Kon encouraged culture and arts – Celadon Porcelain was perfected at this time • System of Civil Service Examinations was put into place • Buddhist influence reached height • Developed the movable METAL type • Fought off Japanese Pirates, but were conquered by the Mongols POWERFUL DYNASTIES CONT. – Choson • Capital at Seoul • Confucianism replaced Buddhism as the system of social ethics • Acknowledged China’s power and for 500 years discouraged relations with other countries – Became known as the “Hermit Kingdom” • Scholars developed the Korean alphabet – han’gul INVASIONS AND ISOLATION • 1592 – Japanese tried to attack China via Korea – ‘Turtle boats’ – metal-plated ships invented – Much of Korea was destroyed • Manchus conquered the weakened country in the 1600s – However, Choson remained in power • For 200 years Korea practiced ISOLATIONISM, the policy of avoiding foreign involvements and contacts – Ports were closed to foreign ships, ideas resisted, and Christianity was banned IMPERIALISM & NATIONALISM • China had supported Korea’s isolation policy, but by the 1800s could not help • Imperialism powers forced the signing of “unequal treaties” which opened ports and gave foreigners rights like extraterritoriality JAPANESE RULE KOREAN NATIONALISM • Competed with China and Russia for power of Korea • 1905 Japan won control • 1910 – Choson dynasty destroyed and Korea annexed • ANNEX – to add a territory to one’s own country • Japan’s rule was harsh but with modern improvements like factories and roads. • March 1, 1919 Korean nationalists had a huge, peaceful demonstration • Japanese responded by killing 2,000 and imprisoning 19,000 – Continued to hunt down the leaders of the movement: many of them moved to the U.S., Soviet Union, or China • During WWII Koreans were forced to fight for Japanese • Korean Language forbidden and names changed King Sejong Father of the Korean Alphabet • October 9th is Han’gul Day – dedicated to the Korean Alphabet and King Sejong • During reign from 1418 to 1450 he encouraged advances in agriculture, government, science, music, medicine, & astronomy – Ordered scholars to invent rainfall gauge and publish a 112 volume encyclopedia. Han’gul – Korean Language • Before Han’gul, to be literate, one had to know at least 2,00 Chinese characters • New Alphabet had 17 constants & 11 vowels simplified to 14 constants & 10 vowels •Many Confucian scholars scorned the new language LAST NAMES • In the boy’s school a Japanese man came in and informed the students he would call their names and they would go home to get their new names • Had to go to the Police and register • Later the boy went to the cemetery with his father and grandfather – they felt as if they were a disgrace to the family THE MORE THE JAPANESE SUPRESSED THE KOREAN CULTURE, THE CLOSER THE KOREANS GREW TO IT.