Transcript Many things spread from one culture to another

Many things spread from one culture
to another culture through trade
routes:
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Religions
New ideas about health and government
New inventions (Technology)
Disease
The word that social scientists use to describe this
exchange of ideas and products is CULTURAL
DIF-FU-SION.
The Silk Road
was the main inter-national
highway for more than 2000
years.
The Taklimakan desert separated
China from the Mediterranean
world.
The Himalayan Mountains
separated China from India.
Himalayan Mountains
The Taklimakan Desert
It is an desert with extreme
temperatures.
Traders went through a lot to get to
China.
A desert sand-storm:
How did they survive?
They used the best
technology they had.
The Camel
A CAMEL’S EYE
• A camel has two
rows of curly
eyelashes that
help clean the
sand out of their
eyes.
Camels have a third eyelid to keep the
sand out of its eyes.
• The eyelid can be
moved side to side
( like a windshield
wiper.)
• It is also translucent
(see through) so
they can see in a
sandstorm.
A CAMELS NOSTRILS
• Their nostrils can
open and close to
keep the sand out of
their lungs.
• When they shut
their nostrils, they
can breathe through
their mouths.
A CAMEL’S HUMP
• A camel can store up to
80 lbs. of fat in their
hump.
• A camel can go without
eating for 5-7 days.
• When a camel uses up
this fat , the camel’s
hump will shrink and
hang over to one side.
A camels mouth
• Camels have 34 sharp
teeth.
• Their teeth help them to
eat rough and tough
materials like dry, thorny
bushes.
• Thy can use their teeth
as dangerous weapons
in a fight.
• Camels have pads
on the bottom of
their feet which
spread out,
stopping the
camel from
sinking into the
sand.
The traders didn’t go through the
driest part of the desert. They
followed the resources which lay at
the base of the mountains.
There would be some run-off when
the snow melted and some
vegetation would grow.
The places that had natural resources
became the trading centers.
• Some places had underground sources of
water (Oases).
Let’s use Buddhism as our second
example of how ideas spread during
Medieval Times.
B.C.E.
Before the Common Era
C.E.
Common Era
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600 500 400 300 200 100 * 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
•
Buddhism began in Sarnath, India around 600
B.C.(5th century.)
It spread throughout China over a 400 year
period of time. (2nd Century B.C.E. to 3rd Century
C.E. )
It took another 500 years to spread to Korea
and Japan .
Let’s review Buddhism:
• It began in an area south of the Himalayan
mountains. LAUSD says it began in Sarnath,
India.
Besides silk, paper and other goods, the Silk
Road carried another commodity which was
equally significant in world history. Along with
trade and migration, the world's oldest
international highway was the vehicle which
spread Buddhism through Central Asia.
Buddhism is an ancient religion that began in India around 500 B.C. Buddhists believe a
Hindu prince named Siddhartha Gautama became the Buddha after meditating under a
bodhi (fig) tree for several years. This helped him attain the state of nirvana. He then
began to teach others. Buddhism continued to spread after his death, eventually
reaching China, Japan, Korea, and parts of Southeast Asia.
stupa
A stupa is a Buddhist holy place. Stupas are
built to hold relics, or physical remains, of the
Buddha.
He saw that good deeds lead the way, from
suffering to peace. Then he saw that the origin
of suffering is being greedy, which arises from
thinking that we are more important than
everybody else. Finally, he became completely
free from thinking in a way that caused him
any suffering. This freedom is called nirvana.
So, at the age of 35, Siddhartha became the
Buddha, the Supreme Enlightened One.
When the Buddha had sixty monks as his
disciples (students) he held a meeting. He told
them: "Go and spread the Dharma (this
teaching) to other places, to give more people
the chance of gaining freedom from suffering.
Buddhism is 2,500 years old
Human beings are subject to desires and
cravings, but even when we are able to satisfy
these desires, the satisfaction is only
temporary. Pleasure does not last; or if it does,
it becomes monotonous.
Even when we are not suffering from outward
causes like illness or bereavement, we are
unfulfilled, unsatisfied. This is the truth of
suffering.
Nirvana means extinguishing. - reaching
enlightenment - means extinguishing the three
fires of greed, delusion and hatred.
Greed and desire, represented in art by a
rooster
Ignorance or delusion, represented by a pig
Hatred and destructive urges,
The world is full of suffering
The desire is the root cause of worldly
existence
Conquering desire and attachments are the
only way to happiness
Conquering of desire must be done in the right
way.