Transcript India - truth alone triumphs

Standard
SSWH2 The student will identify the major
achievements of Chinese and Indian
societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE.
Element
a. Describe the development of Indian
civilization; include the rise and fall of the
Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under
Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.
e. Explain how the geography of the Indian
Subcontinent contributed to the
movement of people and ideas.
Maurya Empire
Head of a Buddha,
Gupta period,
6th century.
Gupta Dynasty Re-Unites India
(Classical India)
375-550 CE
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OVERVIEW:
Founded by:
Chandra Gupta
Peaceful
great traders
strong art, science
and mathematics
• Hinduism dominated
• The Gupta had
strong central govt
which allowed a
degree of local
control
The Golden Age of the Guptas
• Ruled from 320 BC550AD
• Was the Golden Age
• Power was in the
hands of individual
villages and city
governments
• Governments
elected by
merchants and
artisans
Gupta Economy
• owned gold mines,
silver mines, and
vast lands.
• rent money from
farmers funded
government (govt
owned the land)
• Silk Road served
Gupta, Han, Rome
and Persia
Dynasties
Gupta Empire
Artisans Produced:
Cotton Cloth
Pottery
Metal ware for local
markets to export
to:
East Africa
The Middle East
Southeast Asia
Buddhist landscapes
Trade/Economy
• Agricultural economy
• New canals and irrigation
systems for trade and
agriculture.
• renovated major roads
throughout India.
• built towns for spinning &
weaving textiles
• uniform system of currency,
weights and measures
Silver punch mark coin
Trade/Economy
• Governors ruled provinces =
taxes and law enforcement
• Taxes = rose over time to
build Ashoka’s projects
• These led to Empire’s fall
when he died Increased
trade by uniting India
• India traded silk, cotton,
and spices to Mesopotamia,
China, Egypt and Rome
Silver punch mark coin
Religion
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Buddhism grows
built thousands of:
• Stupas for Buddhist
followers.
• Buddhist schools and
universities
• Animal hospitals
the unnecessary eating of
animals was abolished.
Protected wildlife
first national parks in the world
promoted vegetarianism
The Sanchi Stupa (Buddhist temple)
by Ashoka
Learning in Gupta Empire
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Religious schools in Hindu
and Buddhist centers
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learning not limited to
religion and philosophy
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Large Buddhist Monastery
at Nalanda taught:
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Mathematics
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Medicine
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Physics
Languages
Literature
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Other Subjects
Bilingual edict in (Greek and Aramaic) by king Ashoka
Gupta Math/Science
• Invented
• numbers 1-9
• Base 10 decimal system
• pi
• Zero
• Charted planets and star
movements
• recognized
• Earth is round
• rotates on its axis
• revolves around sun.
• Indian physicians excelled in
medicines, caesarean section, bone
setting, and skin grafting, smallpox
vaccination
Gupta social life
• VERY wealthy
civilization
• slave labor
• Hinduism became
more organized &
temples became
more important.
• Women lost rights
compared to under
Buddhism
• Child marriage
became common for
girls
• HINDUSIM returns
as dominant religion
Architecture & Carvings in Gupta
Empire
• Built stone temples
sponsored by Rajahs
• Hindu temples
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designed to reflect cosmic
patterns
The ideal shape = square
within a circle
covered in carvings
• Buddhists Stupas –
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Rings with enclosed
walkways where monks
would pray
Plain stupas - Gateways were
elaborate
Gupta Buddhist Art
• AJANTA CAVES
• depict the stories of
Buddhism spanning
from the period from
200 bce to 650 ce.
AJANTA
CAVES
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• During the 4th century
c.e.
• Buddhist monasteries
and prayer halls.
• twenty-nine caves
• adorned with
elaborate painting and
sculptures
Ajanta Caves
• Built by Buddhist
monks using simple
tools like hammer &
chisel.
• The elaborate and
exquisite sculptures
and paintings depict
stories from Jataka
tales. (stories of moral
conduct and good
behavior)
• The caves also house
images of nymphs and
princesses.