Transcript Slideshow
Directions: As you view the first section of the slide show you must fill out the student comparison sheet in order to answer the questions. 1. Comparison One: How do the two regions compare politically? 2. Compare Shotoku Taishi and Charlemagne. Yamato Period Japan Yamato Period: 300 A.C.E.710 A.C.E. Began promoting adoption of Chinese culture: Confucianism Language (characters) Buddhist sects Chinese art & architecture Government structure Prince Shotoku Taishi Prince Shotoku Taishi : 573-621 Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism Buddhist sects allowed to develop. He is considered the father of Buddhism in Japan Created new government structure: 17 Article Constitution Highly Confucian and focused on morals to be expected of government officials and subjects. Emperor ruled with absolute authority and was considered divine. Europe in the th 6 century Charlemagne: 742 to 814 A.C. Europe Charlemagne: 742 – 814 A.C.E. Holy Roman Empire Created an imperial bureaucracy Standardized weights and measures Imperial Ruler (Absolute Authority) Empire Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800. This firmly tied the Role of Emperor to The will of God. Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun 843 Divided the Empire between Charlemagne’s sons. Ending the 3 year long Carolingian War. Europe: England: Magna Carta, 1215 King John I of England Forced to sign the “Great Charter” -monarchs were not above the law. - kings had to consult a council of advisors. Compare to the Japanese constitution of Prince Shotoku -kings could not tax arbitrarily. Comparison Two: Religion and Religious Institutions Compare the ways Buddhism spread in China and the ways Christianity spread in Europe. Compare the roles of monks and monasteries in the two religions. Japan Zen Buddhism Japanese variation of Buddhism Came from India through China Reinforced Bushido values of mental and selfdiscipline Buddhist monasteries became very wealthy Buddhist Missionaries converted many peoples through miracle working. Conversion was never forced. Monasteries were centers of learning, charity, and protection for the poor. East Asian Buddhism (Open Land and Zen Buddhism) promised Salvation for its followers The Medieval Catholic Church Monasticism: - Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience were enforced for monks. -Provided schools for the children of the upper class. - Served as inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. -Maintained libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. -monks became missionaries to the barbarians and many conversions came about due to miracles performed -Conversion was both voluntary and forced depending on the region. -Christianity was brought to Europe from the Fertile Crescent -Christianity promised salvation for its followers Social and Political: Compare the Japanese Heian Period with the High Middle Ages leading to the Renaissance in Europe Heian Period: 794-1156 Growth of large landed estates Arts & literature of China flourished Elaborate court life [highly refined] Personal diaries The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10th century] A story of court life. First novel The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+] Moving away from Chinese models in religion, arts, and government and becoming more uniquely Japanese Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing 1.Chinese writing 2.Chinese artistic styles 3.Buddhism [Zen] 4.BUT, not Chinese civil service system! Japan: Heian Period -Women have many rights and freedoms -Court life is highly refined -Poetry and art flourish -Shoguns take real power over government -Economy based on agriculture and land ownership Heian Court Dress The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon (diary) Lady Murasaki Shikibu She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji. Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333 Led a warrior coalition of Samurai to victory over Japan. Allowed the emperor to remain in Kyoto and to continue to reign as the symbolic head of state. Japan is now effectively ruled by its warrior class. This system would last for the next seven centuries. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 ► Shoguns fought for power Laws are unclear Less efficient than Kamakura Armies of samurai protected the country Europe: Medieval Manor: Medieval Economic System is based on agriculture Europe: Medieval Trade Europe: Medieval Universities Medieval Guilds Guild Hall Created commercial Monopolies: Guilds Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman -Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. -Controlled prices -Stimulated new urban economies as opposed to the manorialism C A S T L E S Social Structure: Compare Japanese Feudal Structure to European Feudal Structure Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Land - Shoen Land - Shoen Protection Samurai Peasant Daimyo Loyalty Daimyo Samurai Peasant Loyalty Samurai Peasant Food Peasant Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe King Land - Fief Land - Fief Protection Knight Peasant Lord Loyalty Lord Knight Peasant Loyalty Knight Peasant Food Peasant The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior Warwick Castle, England Japan: Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle Caernorfon Castle, Wales Osaka Castle Europe: Parts of Medieval Castle Europe: Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior Europe: Code of Chivalry * Justice * Loyalty * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility Japan: Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity Warfare: Contrast the invasions of Japan by the Chinese Mongols with the attacks of the Europeans on the Fertile Crescent Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade against the Muslims Christians were to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims. The reason given was to protect Christian holy places from Muslim destruction after a fire was set in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Christian Crusades: East and West: Christians gained Control of the Fertile Crescent 1st crusade captured Jerusalem 1099 Muslims got it back in 1187 Mongol “Invasions” of Japan Kublai Khan (the Mongol ruler of China) sent 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. China failed to take Japan both times it tried under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty Second Mongol invasion of Japan: 1281 A.C.E. Compare and Contrast Essay Assignment: Compare and Contrast European and Japanese Societies during the post-classical period.