Transcript Hindu/Buddhism

Buddhism
Classification
• Universalizing
• Buddhism is ranked 4th in
the world.
• 350 million followers
• Growing at about 7.8%
annually
• growth is in new members
mostly converts
Hearth & Core of Buddhism
• Hearth: Northeastern India
• Core: Not prominent in hearth
area because of conversions to
Islam
• Where is it growing the
most:
China, Japan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri
Lanka, South Korea,
Taiwan, Cambodia, and
India.
Diffusion of Buddhism
• Changes in where
Buddhism is found
– Communism abolished
Buddhism in Mongolia,
North Korea, and parts of
Southeast Asia.
• Types of diffusion
– Expansion: Across the
Magadhan Empire
– Hierarchical Diffusion:
From Magadhan Empire to
Ceylon, Kahmir,
Himalayas, and Burma
– Contagious: From China to
Korea to Japan
• Routes of diffusion
– Along trade routes from
India to China, from
China to Korea, from
Korea to Japan.
Short History
• Buddha- Siddhartha Gautama:born - sixth
century B.C. in Nepal.
• One day ventured out into the world and
realized the reality of inevitable suffering.
• One night Siddhartha sat under the Bodhi tree,
and meditated until dawn. He purified his
mind of all defilements and attained
enlightenment when he was 35, thus earning
his the title of the Buddha or “Enlightened
One.”
• For the remainder of the
Buddha’s life, he preached
the Dharma in an effort to
help others reach
enlightenment.
Short History- Buddhist
Celebrations
• Dharma Day- marks the beginning of
Buddha’s teaching.
• Sangha Day- the festival that
celebrates the spiritual community.
• Parinirvana Day- Mahayana
Buddhist festival that marks the death
of the Buddha.
• Wesak- the most important of the
Buddhist festivals Within this spiritual
New Year, all energies within one's
being are able to become love and
recognize the true nature of self. That
one is Divine.
Wesak Festival
Central Beliefs
The four Noble Truths
1. There is Suffering - Suffering is
common to all.
2. Cause of Suffering - We are the
cause of our suffering.
3. End of Suffering - Stop doing
what causes the suffering.
4. Path to End Suffering Everyone can be enlightened.
The path to the end of suffering is
called the Noble Eightfold Path, or
THE MIDDLE WAY
Central Beliefs
The Eightfold Path
• 1st - Right Views: You must accept the Four Noble Truths
and the Eightfold Path.
• 2nd - Right Resolve: You must renounce the pleasures of
the senses; you must harbor no ill will toward anyone and
harm no living creature.
• 3rd - Right speech: Do not lie; do not slander or abuse
anyone. Do not indulge in idle talk.
• 4th - Right Behavior: Do not destroy any living creature;
take only what is given to you: do not commit any
unlawful sexual act.
Central Beliefs
The Eightfold path
• 5th - Right Occupation: You must
earn your livelihood in a way that
will harm no one.
• 6th - Right effort: You must resolve
and strive heroically to prevent any
evil qualities from arising in you
and to abandon any evil qualities
that you may possess. Strive to
acquire good qualities and
encourage those you do possess to
grow, increase, and be perfected.
• 7th - Right Contemplation: Be
observant, strenuous, alert,
contemplative, and free of desire
and of sorrow.
• 8th - Right Meditation: When you
have abandoned all sensuous
pleasures, all evil qualities, both joy
and sorrow, you must then enter the
four degrees of meditation, which
are produced by concentration.
Symbols
• The Dharma Wheel is
the symbol of Buddhist
life, the endless circle of
birth and rebirth, and also
represent the Buddhist
teaching or Dharma. The
wheel often has eight
spokes, which stand for
the noble Eightfold Path
of Buddhism.
Religious Landscape
Large Temples
where worship takes place
not all Buddhist visit a temple regularly
many place alters in their homes
Statues of different Buddhas.
represent different vales or serve different
purposes: protection, love & wisdom
Sacred Space
Four religious sacred sites for Buddah, located in Asia
assigned by Buddha as the four sites that all Buddhist must pilgramige to:
Kushinara
1-Lumbini is the location
where he was born.
Lumbini
2-Bodh Gaya was the site
where his enlightenment
occurred.
3-Sarnath the place where his
first sermon took place.
4-Kushinara is where Buddah
passed away
Bodh Gaya
Sarnath
Death/Burial
In Buddhist practice, the deceased is cremated. In the
Buddhist view, all things must pass.
•As practiced in many Buddhist countries, a real Buddhist funeral is a simple, solemn
and dignified ceremony.
•Buddhists do not believe that one day someone will come and awaken the departed
persons spirits from their graveyards or the ashes from their urns and decide who
should go to heaven and who should go to hell.
•Buddhists believe that when a person dies, rebirth will take place somewhere else
according to his good or bad actions.
Hinduism
Hinduism
By: Meghan Steele, Johnny
What is the classification?
•
Ethnic religion -in order to be a part
of this religion requires immersion
into culture.
•
3rd largest in the world
•
Over 780 million followers
•
Religion is growing
• Out of the total
population of
1.028 billion in
India , 80.5% of
the population of
the country are
Hindu
Hindu Origin & Diffusion
•
Hearth: In 5000BC Hinduism first
originated from the people of the
Indus River Valley creating the
basis of Hinduism.
•
contagious diffusion
---spread down Ganges River
---south to the subcontinent and
into adjacent regions
---South east Asia
•
•
Core: India
Also practiced in:Indonesia,
Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, and Burma
History/Origins
• Hinduism derived richly
from the Indus People,
the Vedic People, from
Dravidian cultures, from
folk religions and also
from the foreign
traditions of
Mesopotamia, Greece,
Arabia, China and
central Russia.
Central Beliefs
•
The belief in a Single Divinity or Supreme God
that is present in everything, with manifestations
of one supreme God.
•
Beliefs that the soul repeatedly goes through a
cycle of being born into a body, dying, and being
reborn again (reincarnation).
•
Karma is a force that determines the quality of
each rebirth depending on how well one
followed his Dharma of his past life.
•
Goal of a Hindu: liberation from the cycle of
birth and death
•
Caste System
Hindu Communities/Caste System
• The rules of the caste define what
people can and cannot do.
• Caste- is the structure of society, and
an expression of the eternal
transmigration of souls.
• All Hindu’s are to follow “dharma”,
which are the law of duties.
• Each craft or profession has its own
particular caste
• For example, all the businessmen
and farmers have a different caste
than servants etc.
• Caste rules usually define who they
can talk to, food, clothing, and where
they live.
Central Beliefs cont.
• Hindu Gods: Three
major manifestations:
-Brahma
-Shiva
-Vishnu
Cultural Landscapes/Places of
Worship
• Temples and shrines
• Worship in temples is
not required, people
can worship at home
with shrines.
Cultural Landscapes/Places of
Worship Cont…
• All temples have a circular
spire as a reminder that the
sky is the real dwelling place
for god, who temporarily
resides in the temple.
• Temples are built to house
shrines for particular gods
rather than congregational
worships, for example- in
Cambodia the Angkor Wat
temple is dedicated to God
Vishnu.
• Temples look can change
depending where they are
located.
Symbols
• Major symbols
include:
• Ohm
• Swastika
• Shi Yantra
Burial Ceremonies
• Cremation
• People who are being cremated
are washed in water drawn from
Ganges river.
• the body is then carried to the
cremation ground as prayers are
chanted to Yama (God).
• A burial is reserved for children
and people with certain
diseases.
Sacred Places