Transcript Slide 1

CHAPTER 9
INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e.)
MAURYAN EMPIRE
CHANDRAGUPTA
• First empire
• Efficient govt.
• Military expansion
PATALIPUTRA
• 18 sq. mi.
• Largest city
GOVT.
• Provinces, districts
• Secret police
MILITARY
• 700k men
• Expansion, power
ECONOMY
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Mining, manufacturing
Infrastructure
Foreign trade
State-controlled
Promote private investment
ASHOKA
• Grandson
• Most popular ruler
• Buddhism official religion
▫ Expansion
• Religious toleration
MAURYAN DECLINE
• After Ashoka’s death
• Logistical issues
▫ Large empire
GUPTA (320-500)
• Reunite India
• Cultural renaissance
GUPTA
• Politically, economically same as Mauryan
• Smaller land, bureaucracy
• Religious toleration
▫ Hinduism favored
▫ brahmans
ART/LITERATURE
• Love of life
▫ Lovers embracing, musicians, dancers
• Golden age of lit.
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Religious, philosophical, drama
Poetry, adventures
Thieves, courtesans, beasts
Kama Sutra”
SCIENCE
• Learning stimulus
• Buddhist university (Nalanda)
▫ Foreigners
• 1-9, “zero”
▫ Influences
• Math, astronomy
▫ Cube roots, sines, factors
MEDICINE
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Hospitals – free
Animals
Sterilized wounds
Cesarean operations
Plastic surgery
Known diseases, treatments:
▫ Jaundice, abcess, tumor, diarrhea, fever
• Leprosy treatment
▫ Unknown to west for centuries
BUDDHISM
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India
Challenge Hinduism
Nonviolence
Major religion: Asia
Siddhartha Guatama
Monasticism
BELIEFS
• End rebirth: Nirvana
• Moral conduct and meditation
• Sorrow everywhere
4 NOBLE TRUTHS
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Suffering dominates
Why?
We can rid of suffering
Follow 8 fold path to Nirvana
JAINISM
• Challenged Hinduism
• India, 5th century B.C.
• Mahavira
BELIEFS
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Ahimsa: nonviolence
All things – jiva (soul)
No meat and wine
Hindu beliefs
▫ Karma
▫ Moksa
• Different path to pursue Moksa
BELIEFS
• Ultimate goal:
▫ Renounce world
▫ Wandering monk, nun
BELIEFS
• No meat and wine
• Fasting
• Five virtues:
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Non-violence
Truth
Do not steal
Chastity
Worldly things
JAINISM
• Drastic beliefs