Transcript DelBarba PJAS ppt - Central Catholic High School

PYY-MQN-YMS-UYU-MUH
UCX-HGP-HTV-VDU-FLV
KHV-FYT-XRT-FTY-HTS
•The basic unit of the brain and subsequently memory is the
neuron.
•Both long and short-term memories are based on the
strengthening of the synapse.
•A synapse is the gap between a dendrite and an axon that
impulses flow across.
•With short-term memories, the synapse is only strengthened
temporarily.
•In the case of long-term memories, the synapse is strengthened
permanently.
•There are three main types of memory: sensory, short term, and
long term.
•Sensory memory appears to store information effectively 500
ms.
•If for some reason the memory is to be retained, it is sent to the
short-term memory to be stored for later use.
•Long term memory involves storage of information for long
periods of time typically spanning anywhere from thirty seconds
to a lifetime and has a massive storage capability.
•Long term memory is known to degrade over time if not
accessed periodically.
•Once a memory goes into the long-term memory, it can them be
retrieved back into the short-term memory.
•Short term memory has a limited amount of storage.
•The most widely accepted amount is 7±2 elements.
•The short term memory, which is the focus of this experiment,
can store an item for roughly 20 seconds.
•An ‘element’ can consist of numbers, words, letters etc.
•The purpose of the experiment is to explore the effect of color on short
term memory retention.
• While the range of applications are limited to computerized displays
and items that mainly apply to short term memory, the results can still
apply to a wide range of situations.
•An initial application could be websites: any information that needs to be
remembered while someone is navigating, such as directional
information and instructions.
•This can be expanded to games for quickly memorized instructions and
directions plus many other related uses.
There will be no significant difference in the recall
of the differently colored strings of characters
import javax.swing.JApplet;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.*;
public class matGen {
Random rand = new Random();
char [][][] matrix = new char [3][2][11];
String s;
int gx = rand.nextInt(3);
int gy = rand.nextInt(2);
public static void main( String args[] ){
for( int x = 0; x < 3; x++ ){
for( int y = 0; y < 2; y++ ){
for( int z = 0; z < 11; z++ ){
int dec = rand.nextInt(25) + 65;
matrix [x][y][z] = (char)dec;
}
}
}
for( int i = 0; i < 100; i++ ){
int ax = rand.nextInt(3);
int ay = rand.nextInt(2);
int bx = rand.nextInt(3);
int by = rand.nextInt(2);
int cx = rand.nextInt(3);
int cy = rand.nextInt(2);
int az = rand.nextInt(11);
int bz = rand.nextInt(11);
int cz = rand.nextInt(11);
System.out.print( matrix [ax][ay][az] );
System.out.print( matrix [bx][by][bz] );
System.out.print( matrix [cx][cy][cz] + "-" );
s += (matrix [ax][ay][az] + matrix [bx][by][bz] + matrix [cx][cy][cz]);
}
}
•Subjects- 14 male honors
biology students from
Central Catholic High School
•Digital projector
•Randomly generated letters
created by a separate java
program
•Test sheets
}
1. Create groups of randomly generated characters. In this
experiment, five groups of three letter-only characters are used.
2. Instruct the subjects to remain quiet, and not look at each other's
test sheets.
3. Display characters on the projector for ten seconds then, remove the
characters showing a blank screen for ten seconds.
4. finally, instruct the subjects to write down as much as they can
remember.
5. Collect and record data.
The effect of color on text recall
number correct out of 90
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Black
Red
Color
Green
Mean values
ANOVA- 0.147421
50
45
Amount correct
40
35
30
25
20
15
0.737
10
0.754
5
0
Black
Red
Color
0.703
Green
Due to the p-value being greater than 0.017 (.05 divided by three
comparisons), the null can be accepted.
Limitations:
•More subjects being tested
•Better recording and analysis system (as
opposed to pencil and paper) to allow for more
trials.
•This project only applied to a rather narrow range
of applications and situations.
• More experiments would be helpful in
understanding the effects of color in:
•long term memory
•non-computerized display situations
•wider range of representational options
including background, and font-type.
Here is a list of references used during this project:
•Special thanks to Dr. John W. Wilson for his guidance in statistical analysis.
•"Cognitive Processes." Think Quest. 17 Dec. 2007 <http://library.thinkquest.org/26618/en5.2.1=levels%20of%20memory+intr.htm>.
•Fields, Douglas R. "Making Memories Stick." Scientific American 24 Jan. 2005. 17 Dec. 2007
<http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000519BF-3128-11E8-A28583414B7F0000>.
•"Forgetting Curve." Wikipedia. 17 Dec. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgetting_curve>.
•"Long-Term Memory." Wikipeida. 17 Dec. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_term_memory>.
•"Memory." Wikipedia. 16 Dec. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory>.
•"Sensory Memory." Wikipedia. 17 Dec. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_memory>.
•"Short-Term Memory." Wikipedia. 17 Dec. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_term_memory>.