Transcript 4 tarkkaavaisuus

TOK Integration – Psychology
LAJM / VALA
TASK
• Is human memory
reliable?
– on what basis it is?
– on what basis it is not?
Flashbulb memories
• Refers to dramatic and
emotionally charged
events that etch
themselves onto our
minds with unusual
vividness, accuracy and
durability
– can be associated with
shared events or
personal traumas
TASK
• What kind of flashbulb
memories do you have?
– how vividly and
accurately can you
remember these?
• Can you rely on your
flashbulb memories?
– do you really remember
tragic events more
accurately than other
events?
Flashbulb memories
• According to research,
even flashbulb
memories change and
deteriorate dramatically
over time
– flashbulb memories
builds confidence, not
accuracy
Some memory biases
• (1) Egocentric bias
– tendency to attribute a
more central role to
ourselves in past events
Some memory biases
• (2) Narrative bias
– tendency to exaggerate
our memories and to
make them fit into a
predetermined storyline
Some memory biases
• (3) Emotional bias
– our view of the past may
be influenced by our
current mood
– can lead to nostalgia
Some memory biases
• (4) Vividness bias
– tendency to recall the
vividness of events over
frequency of events
Some memory biases
• (5) Hindsight bias
– tendency to be wise
after the event and
adjust our memories
accordingly
Some memory biases
• (6) Source amnesia
– tendency to forget the
source of our knowledge
– may lead to unconscious
plagiarism
TASK
• How have you fallen
into memory biases?
• How can you combat
memory biases?
Cognitive biases
• Distort our intuitions
about the world in a
systematic manner
– are related to memory
biases
• Seem to be common to
everyone of us
GROUP WORK
• One group finds out the
following things from
one of the cognitive
biases on the right
– (a) What does the bias
mean?
– (b) Give examples
– (c) Give means to
combat the bias
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(1) Confirmation bias
(2) Sunk cost bias
(3) Framing effect
(4) Availability heuristic
(5) Affect heuristic
(6) Fundamental
attribution error
GROUP CONVERSATION
• Has TOK integration
with psychology helped
you to become a better
critical thinker?
Picture Sources
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http://quickbase.intuit.com/blog/top-7-memory-flaws
http://www.blucoreshootingcenter.com/blog/tag/911/
http://www.break.com/article/motorcycle-accidents-two-wheels-to-the-hospital2806353
http://mypsychologyib1blog.blogspot.fi/2012/12/flashbulb-memory.html
https://edtosavetheworld.com/2013/12/19/think-about-egocentric-tendencies/
http://fun-in-first.blogspot.fi/2012/09/narrative-writing.html
http://share.nanjing-school.com/tok/ways-of-knowing/emotion/
http://photo-room.net/en/vividness/
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/9529546/Know-it-all-Or-perhapsyoure-suffering-from-hindsight-bias.html
http://study.com/academy/lesson/source-amnesia-definition-lesson.html
http://www.playbuzz.com/carloso11/memory-quiz
http://www.iflscience.com/brain/20-cognitive-biases-which-make-you-form-baddecisions
http://www.pmlive.com/pharma_news/critical_thinking_769671