Transcript CBA and Semester Test Answer Key

CBA and Semester Exam
Review
Question 1
• Compare and contrast the kinetic and potential energy in each situation below. Label the points where
the Kinetic energy is the greatest (max. KE), where the Potential energy is the greatest (max. PE), and
where Kinetic and Potential energy are equal (KE = PE).
Max PE
PE = KE
Max KE
So, this means that the Potential Energy decreases as the Kinetic Energy increases as the cart moves down the hill.
Question 2
• Compare and contrast the kinetic and potential energy in each situation below. Label the points where
the Kinetic energy is the greatest (max. KE), where the Potential energy is the greatest (max. PE), and
where Kinetic and Potential energy are equal (KE = PE).
Max PE
PE = KE
Max KE
So, this means that the Potential Energy decreases as the Kinetic Energy increases as the wave breaks and rushes
onto the beach.
Question 3
• Compare and contrast the kinetic and potential energy in each situation below. Label the points where
the Kinetic energy is the greatest (max. KE), where the Potential energy is the greatest (max. PE), and
where Kinetic and Potential energy are equal (KE = PE).
Max KE
PE = KE
Max PE
So, this means that the Potential Energy is greatest when the crossbow is primed (before firing), it has the greatest
Kinetic Energy just after it is fired and during its flight kinetic energy turns back into potential energy due to gravity
and friction from the air.
Question 4
More Force
Less Force
≠
The forces are not equal, so they are UNBALANCED
Since the forces are
unbalanced and Debbie
has more force, the dog
will move to the right
(or in Debbie’s
direction).
Question 5
• Peter completed the 400 meter dash in 100.0 seconds. What is his
average speed?
Distance
400 m
Speed = ------------------------ = ---------------- = 4 m/s
Time
100.0 s
Question 6
• Violet completed the 100 meter dash in 20.0 seconds. What is her
average speed?
Distance
100 m
Speed = ------------------------ = ---------------- = 5 m/s
Time
20.0 s
Question 7
• A ball travels at a constant speed of 50 m/s. What is the distance traveled
by the ball in a 5.0 second interval?
Distance
Speed = -----------------------Time
5.0 s
------- X
1
Distance
5.0 s
50 m/s = ---------------------- X ------5.0 s
1
50 m/s X 5.0 s = Distance
250 m = Distance
Question 8
This graph means the
object is travelling at a
constant speed.
Question 9
This graph means that
the object is stopped,
not moving or at rest.
Question 10
This graph means
that the object is
increasing in speed,
or accelerating.
Question 11
Describe the motion of the object in the graph below. Calculate the speed of
the object between 6 and 11 seconds.
The object travels from the start at a constant
speed, then stops, then travels back to the
start but not at constant speed.
Distance
10 – 10 m 0 m
Speed = -------------= --------------- = ----- = 0 m/s
Time
11- 6 s
5s
Question 12
Describe the motion of the object in the two graphs below.
The car is traveling at a constant speed.
The beetle moved at a constant speed before
speed up to continue at a different constant
speed, then stopped and continued back to the
start at a constant speed.
Question 13
Calculate the speed of the car between 2 and 4
seconds.
Distance
3–2m 1m
Speed = -------------= --------------- = ----- = 0.5 m/s
Time
4-2s
2s
Question 14
Calculate the speed of the beetle between
14 and 16 min.
Distance
0 – 8 cm
8 cm
Speed = -------------= --------------- = --------- = 4 cm/min
Time
16 – 14 min 2 min
Question 15 and Question 16
A single fixed pulley changes the direction
of the force BUT DOES NOT change the
amount of force needed to lift the object.
By adding more pulleys,
you change the direction
of the force applied AND
decrease the amount of
force needed to lift the
object because you add
distance (more rope).
Question 17
An inclined plane or ramp
allows an object to be
lifted a distance while
applying less force.
Question 18
By increasing the length of
the inclined plane, the force
applied to lift the object
decreases.
The longer the ramp, the
less force.
Question 19
Conduction
• ________________
– the transfer of thermal energy by direct contact
between particles of matter as they collide.
Question 20
Convection
• ________________________–
the transfer of thermal energy by the
movement of gases or fluids as the particles go from one part of a
material to another (in a circular pattern).
Question 21
Radiation
• ____________________the transfer of thermal energy by
electromagnetic waves (solid, liquid, or gas needed)
Question 22 and 23
Thermal Energy ALWAYS moves in a predictable pattern: Hot moves to Cold until both sides are equal
temperature.
• Describe the thermal energy transfer happening
between your hand and an ice cube that allows the
ice cube to melt.
The heat from your hand moves into the
ice cube causing it to melt until your hand
and the ice cube are the same
temperature.
Question 24
• Show the energy transformations in the following:
Chemical Energy  Electrical Energy  Radiant (light) Energy  Thermal (heat) Energy
Question 25
• Show the energy transformations in the following:
Chemical Energy  Mechanical Energy  Sound Energy  Thermal (heat) Energy
Question 26
1. Mechanical Energy  2. Mechanical Energy  3. Electrical Energy  4. Electrical Energy  5. Thermal (heat) Energy
Question 27 - 30
• Label the four major structural layers of Earth.
27. Crust
28. Mantle
29. Outer Core
30. Inner Core
Question 31 - 36
• Label the four major structural layers of Earth. Include the
Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere on the pie shaped model only.
31. Crust
32. Lithosphere
33. Asthenosphere
35. Outer Core
36. Inner Core
34. Mantle
Question 37 - 39
Type of Rock
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Process That
Formed It
37.
38.
39.
Cooling and
hardening
of magma
or lava
Compaction and
cementation of
layered
sediments
Heat and pressure
Question 40 - 46
40. Plate A – Eurasian Plate
41. Plate B – North American Plate
42. Plate C – Pacific Plate
43. Plate D – South American Plate
44. Plate E – Indo-Australian Plate
45. Plate F – African Plate
Plate G
46. Plate G – Antarctic Plate
Question 47 - 50
Plate
Divergent
Boundary
Boundary
Interaction
Way the
Apart
Plates Move
Geologic
Event They
Form
New land
Ocean basin
Mid-ocean
ridge
Convergent
Convergent ______________
Transform
Boundary
with Subduction
Boundary
Towards
Towards
Slide Past
Mountains
Trench
Volcanic
Mountains
Volcanic Island
Arcs
Trench
Earthquakes
Question 51 - 58
51. What is a common physical characteristic of all 4 inner planets?
Rocky, Terrestrial
52. What is a common physical characteristic of all 4 outer planets?
Gas Giants
53. Describe the movement of the planets around the Sun.
Revolve
54. Describe the movement of the Sun, planets, and all objects in space on their axis.
55. Describe the movement of the moons (natural satellites) around a planet.
56. What force keeps all of the objects in space orbiting the Sun?
Rotate
Revolve
Gravity
57. Why does the Sun exert such a strong gravitational pull on the planets
and other objects in space? The sun’s mass is larger than the other objects, so it
exerts a much larger gravitational pull.
58. What would happen if the Sun’s gravity disappeared?
The object’s would travel in a straight
line.
Question 59 - 60
The planet’s mass
• 59. Why do the moons stay in orbit around their planet? exerts more gravity
so the moon stays in
orbit.
What is unique about each of the
Jupiter and its Moons
Galilean moons?
Io –
Is Volcanically active
Europa – Thought to have basic life forms
Ganymede – Has a Magnetic field
Callisto - Is heavily Cratered
Questions 61 - 63
Objects in Space
61. Asteroids
62.
Meteors
63. Comets
Composition (what Rock and metals
are they made of) (like iron)
Rock and metals
(like iron)
Location in Space
Meteoroid – in
Orbiting the Sun
space
possibly in the Oort
Meteor – burning Cloud
up in Earth’s
atmosphere
Meteorite – landed
on the ground
Mostly between
Mars and Jupiter in
the area called the
asteroid belt
Rock, dust, ice and
gas
Question 64
• NASA switched from rockets with capsules to the space shuttle
REUSABLE
program because they were ________________________!