Transcript C1_Intro - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences

In a Congressional hearing of the U.S. Armed
Services Committee In March, 2010, elected
Congressman from Georgia Hank Johnson, when
asking about the potential of a U.S. military troop
buildup on the island of Guam, said “I am afraid that
the island will become so populated that it will tip
over…and capsize.”
In a Congressional hearing of the U.S. Armed
Services Committee In March, 2010, elected
Congressman from Georgia Hank Johnson, when
asking about the potential of a U.S. military troop
buildup on the island of Guam, said “I am afraid that
the island will become so populated that it will tip
over…and capsize.”
Admiral Robert Willard replied: “We don’t anticipate
that. The Guam population, I think, is currently about
175,000. And again, with 8000 marines and their
families, its an addition of about 25,000.”
In a Congressional hearing of the U.S. Armed
Services Committee In March, 2010, elected
Congressman from Georgia Hank Johnson, when
asking about the potential of a U.S. military troop
buildup on the island of Guam, said “I am afraid that
the island will become so populated that it will tip
over…and capsize.”
Admiral Robert Willard replied: “We don’t anticipate
that. The Guam population, I think, is currently about
175,000. And again, with 8000 marines and their
families, its an addition of about 25,000.”
What is wrong with this discussion?!?!?
Is this how islands work?
Mariana Volcanic Arc:
Guam bathymetry:
How much Earth science did you have in high
school?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
None
Some
About a semester (or less)
About a year (or less)
More than a year
Tweet your answer to:
@wueps201 <answer (a,b,c,d, or e)> 189
e.g., if your answer is (b): @wueps201 b 189
Big Idea #1: Earth scientists use repeatable observations and
testable ideas to understand and explain our planet.
Big Idea #2: Earth is 4.6 billion years old.
Big Idea #3: Earth is a complex system of interacting rock, water, air
and life. (A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS!)
Big Idea #4: Earth continuously changing.
Big Idea #5: Earth is the water planet.
Big Idea #6: Life evolves on a dynamic Earth and continuously
modifies Earth.
Big Idea #7: Humans depend on Earth for resources.
Big Idea #8: Natural hazards pose risks to humans.
Big Idea #9: Humans significantly alter the Earth.
The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a way to ask and answer
scientific questions by making observations and doing
experiments.
The steps of the scientific method are to:
• Ask a Question
• Do Background Research
• Construct a Hypothesis
• Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
• Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
• Communicate Your Results
The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a way to ask and answer
scientific questions by making observations and doing
experiments.
The steps of the scientific method are to:
• Ask a Question
• Do Background Research
• Construct a Hypothesis
• Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
• Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
• Communicate Your Results
The Next Generation Science Standards
(NGSS) For K-12 Science Education
Teacher
Development
Curricula
Instructional
Materials
Instruction
Assessment
The NGSS were the result of a “states-led”
process
States that have already adopted the NGSS:
Arkansas, California, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada,
Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington State, Washington DC
The 8 Practices of Science and Engineering
1. Asking questions (for science) and defining
problems (for engineering)
2. Developing and using models
3. Planning and carrying out investigations
4. Analyzing and interpreting data
5. Using mathematics and computational thinking
6. Constructing explanations (for science) and
designing solutions (for engineering)
7. Engaging in argument from evidence
8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating
information
Q. What is the Age of Universe?
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
A. Intensity vs. Red shift of galaxies
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
A. Intensity vs. Red shift of galaxies
Q. What is the Age of the Solar System?
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
A. Intensity vs. Red shift of galaxies
Q. What is the Age of the Solar System?
A. 4.57 Ga
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
A. Intensity vs. Red shift of galaxies
Q. What is the Age of the Solar System?
Q. How do we know this?
A. 4.57 Ga
Q. What is the Age of Universe? A. About 13.7 billion years (Ga)
Q. How do we know this?
A. Intensity vs. Red shift of galaxies
Q. What is the Age of the Solar System?
Q. How do we know this?
A. 4.57 Ga
A. Radiometric dating of meteorites
1)If the Earth were the size of a penny, how large
would the diameter of the solar system be (in
km)? (Radius of Kuiper Belt is ~50 AU)
2)If the solar system was the size of a penny, how
large would the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy
be (in km)?
3) If the Milky Way was the size of a penny, how
large would the diameter of the observable
universe be?
Tweet your 3 answers as:
@wueps201 ? 189 (x,y,z)
Q. How large is the Solar System?
If the Earth were the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of the
solar system be? (Radius of Kuiper Belt is ~50 AU)
Q. How large is the Solar System?
If the Earth were the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of the
solar system be? (Radius of Kuiper Belt is ~50 AU)
22.3 km (14 mi) --- from here to Chesterfield
Q. How large is the Solar System? Diameter = 1.5 x 1010 km = 15 billion km
If the Earth were the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of the
solar system be? (Radius of Kuiper Belt is ~50 AU)
22.3 km (14 mi) --- from here to Chesterfield
Q. How large is the Milky Way galaxy?
If the solar system was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter
of the Milky Way galaxy be?
Q. How large is the Milky Way galaxy?
If the solar system was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter
of the Milky Way galaxy be?
1400 km --- from here to Pittsburgh
Q. How large is the Milky Way galaxy? D = 1.1 x 1018 km (120,000 light yrs)
If the solar system was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter
of the Milky Way galaxy be?
1400 km --- from here to Pittsburgh
Q. How large is the observable Universe?
If the Milky Way was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of
the observable universe be?
Q. How large is the observable Universe?
If the Milky Way was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of
the observable universe be?
15 km --- from here to Lambert Airport
Q. How large is the observable Universe?
D = 93 billion light years = ~ 9 x 1023 km = ~ 1 septillion km
If the Milky Way was the size of a penny, how large would the diameter of
the observable universe be?
15 km --- from here to Lambert Airport
http://htwins.net/scale2/
Geosphere
Composition of Crust (%):
Weight
Oxygen 47.2
Silicon
28.2
Aluminum 8.2
Iron
5.1
Moles
61.7
21.0
6.4
1.9
Volume
93.8
0.9
0.5
0.4
Composition of Whole Earth
(weight %):
Iron
Oxygen
Silicon
Magnesium
Nickel
35
30
15
13
2.4
Hydrosphere: 96.5% in Oceans
3.5% in glaciers, groundwater
~0% in streams, lakes, atmosphere, biosphere
71% of Earth’s surface is covered with water.
If Earth were a perfect sphere, it would be covered with 2.25 km of water.
Atmosphere:
Composition:
N2 - 78.1%
O2 - 20.9%
Ar 0.93%
H2O - 0.1%
CO2 - 0.039%
(increasing)
Ne 0.0018%
Earth's magnetic field LOOKS LIKE there is a tilted, offset,
wandering, bar magnet in its core. (But there isn’t!!)
Fluid flow (convection) of liquid iron in Earth’s outer core
creates the magnetic field.  Magnetohydrogeodynamo
The magnetosphere protects us from
ionized particles of solar wind.
Biosphere: Extends from the seafloor and deep crust, to the tops of
mountains and the atmosphere.
3 - 300 million species; ~1.5 million identified
VERY significant geological agent (Ex: atmosphere, weathering)
Temperature
0ºC
(~273 K)
~4000ºC
~6000ºC
3.62 Megabars
“bar”
1
Pressure