Transcript World Geography - cloudfront.net

World Geography
Unit 1: Basics of Geography
Warm-Up 1.3.1
• What is geography?
– Geography is the study of the distribution and
interaction of physical and human features of the
Earth.
• How do we use geography everyday?
5 Themes of Geography: Location
• Where is an object.
• Absolute location: exact place on Earth where
the feature is found using lines of Longitude
and Latitude.
– Example: the city of Newark is located at N
39.679111 W 75.758040
• Relative location: how a place is related to its
surrounding environment
– Example: Delaware Stadium is on DE 896 near the
old Chrysler plant.
5 Themes of Geography: Place
• What is at a location.
• Physical and cultural features that set a place
apart from others.
• Because human interactions with the
environment and cultures change over time,
place can change over time.
5 Themes of Geography: Region
• Groups locations and places based on
similarities and differences.
• Formal Regions: recognized borders
established by governments.
• Functional Regions: organized around a set of
interactions or connections.
• Perceptual Regions: people see the
characteristics of the region in the same way.
5 Themes of Geography: HumanEnvironment Interaction
• How do people relate to the physical world?
• How do people shape the lands they live on,
how do the lands affect culture and the way
people live.
5 Themes of Geography: Movement
• How do people, goods, and ideas move from one place
to another?
• Linear Distance: How far across the Earth one location
is from another.
• Time Distance: the amount of time it takes for a
person, good or idea to travel.
• Psychological Distance: the way people view distance
– Areas you are more familiar with seem closer than areas
you know less about.
– Distances seem larger when you are younger, but seem to
shrink as you get older.
Check for Understanding 1.3.1
• How do the 5 Themes of Geography apply to
DAPSS?
– Location
– Place
– Region
– Human-Environment Interaction
– Movement
Next Step (on loose leaf)
• Using what you already know about the 5
Themes of Geography, write a paragraph
explaining how you use the 5 themes in your
daily life. Be sure to use complete sentences,
and include all 5 themes.
Homework: Making Your Own Globe
1. Title
2. Compass Rose
3. Legend/Key
4. Map Scale
5. Labels
6. Symbols
7. Latitude
8. Longitude
9. Colors
Map Scale
• Map scale determines how much detail will be
shown.
– Small Scale: Less detail
– Large Scale: More detail
• Which map is large scale?
Which map is a large scale map?
Which map would you
expect to be more exact
with distance or area?
Longitude and Latitude
• What are longitude and • Imaginary gridlines used
latitude? What are they
to show exact location.
used for?
• Longitude- 0-180 running
• How do we tell them
from north to south
apart?
• Latitude- 0-90 running
from east to west.
• What are the big 3 grid
lines? (2 Longitude, 1
Latitude)
• Prime Meridian (0° Long.)
• International Date Line
(180 ° Long)
• Equator (0 ° Latitude)
Types of Maps
• Physical Maps: shows the features of the
Earth’s surface.
• Political maps: show the features of the Earth
created by people. Ex cities, countries, states.
• Thematic maps: representations of the Earth
to show patterns in data over space.
Qualitative
Maps
Use colors, symbols,
dots, or lines to show
patterns over a
geographic area.
Cartograms
Information is
presented about
a country based
on a set of data
other than land
area.
Sizes of countries
vary in proportion
to the data being
displayed rather
than land area.
Flow-Line
Maps
Use arrows to illustrate
movement across a
geographic space.
Arrows tell us the
location, direction, and
scope of the
movement being
examined.
Make Your Own Map
• Using your neighborhood, house, or school
create a map showing where things are
located.
• Your map should include: a title, a compass,
labels, and a key with at least 3 symbols and 3
colors.
• Your map should be neat, colorful, and
creative, completed on nice paper (graph
paper or computer paper, NO LOOSE LEAF)
• Be sure to include lots of detail
Warm Up 1.5.1
Define the following terms in your own words
•
•
•
•
Location
Place
Region
Human Environment
Interaction
• Movement
• Longitude
•
•
•
•
•
•
Latitude
Political Map
Physical Map
Thematic Map
Qualitative Map
Cartogram
Lesson 1.5 Vocabulary
Know
Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
Topography
Weathering
Erosion
Want to Know
Learn
Structure of the Earth
Understanding Plate Tectonics
How Plates Move
• Magma in the mantle heats, expands, and
rises towards the crust.
• As magma rises it cools, begins to condense,
and circulate back down.
• Cycle continues like a conveyor belt beneath
the earth.
Plate Boundaries
• Divergent: magma rises as plates spread, cools
when it comes into contact with water and
forms new rock.
• Convergent: builds up mountain chains.
Subduction causes volcanoes to form.
Collision causes build up of mountains.
• Transform: causes Earthquakes as two plates
try to slide past each other.
• Area between two plates is called a Fault.
Check for Understanding 1.5.1
Cause
Effect
Transform boundary, plate slide past each other creating
friction, sudden release of energy cause quakes.
Earthquake in California
Divergent boundary, as plates spread, new magma rises
and cools forming new oceanic crust
Red Sea Widens
Convergent boundary, plates slam into each other
violently causing the rising of new peaks.
Building of the
Himalayas
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Creation of the Rockies
Deepening of the
Mariana’s Trench
Weathering
• Breakdown or transformation of rock.
• Mechanical Weathering: physical forces break down
or reduce a rock to smaller and smaller fragments, involving
no chemical change. Also known as physical weathering.
• Chemical Weathering: breakdown of rock and
sediment by chemical processes. The end result changes the
chemical composition of the rock (what it’s made of).
Check for Understanding 1.5.2
• Rock bounces along the bottom of a fast moving
river, getting smaller and smoother as it travels along
the river.
• Burial of toxic materials underground causes the
decay of soil material, overtime creating a sinkhole.
• Iron railing comes into contact with water for a
prolonged period of time causing the formation of
rust.
• Water fills cracks in the asphalt when it rains, as it
gets colder, the water freezes into ice, causing the
crack to expand into a pothole.
Erosion
• Movement of rock and sediment by water, ice,
wind, or gravity.
• Rock is removed from one location and
deposited (deposition) in another location.
• http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_asse
ts/science/virtual_labs/ES08/ES08.html
Lab 1 Questions
• Draw a diagram of the river under normal conditions.
• Under normal river conditions where did the erosion
occur? Where would you want to build your house?
• In a flood, what might happen to the people along
the outside of the meander? What about on the
inside?
• What happened to the erosion pattern when the
volume of water in the river increased?
• After the big flood did the river remain the same
shape, or was a new river formed? Draw a diagram
of the river after the flood.