Transcript Convergent Boundaries

Unit 3: Earth History Day 12
Focus: Theory of Plate Tectonics
12/20/16
1. Pick up a copy of the “Plate Tectonics”
notes and Study guide Part 2 from
the front table.
2. Copy today’s E.Q. onto page 11 in your
notebook.
Plan for the Day
1. Lesson on Plate Tectonics
a. Notes
b. Videos
c. Web quest
2. Wrap-up
Homework
1.Flash cards #25 “Why do the Plates Move?”
and #27 “Ice Cores” – due tomorrow.
2.Be working on your study guide. After today,
you will be able to do 1-45.
Essential Question – Copy on
page 11
How has the movement of
tectonic plates impacted Earth’s
geologic features and its
lifeforms?
Let’s discuss Plate Tectonic
Theory and fill-in the guided
notes as we go.
When ALFRED WEGENER proposed his
THEORY of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, he had
solid evidence to support the idea that the
continents had once been connected and had
drifted throughout Earth’s history. The
problem was that he could NOT explain HOW
CONTINENTS COULD MOVE. Therefore, his
theory was not widely accepted. Then, during
World War II, while mapping the ocean floor
(for submarines and stuff), mid-ocean ridges
were discovered…volcanoes. This changed
EVERYTHING!!!
Vocabulary
• 23. Lithosphere: the rigid outer shell
of the planet that includes the crust
and the solid, upper mantle. Below
the lithosphere is the molten part of
the mantle.
• Like living organisms, the surface of
Earth’s crust has evolved (changed)
over time.
Vocabulary
• 23. Lithosphere: the rigid _____ _____
of the planet that includes the _____
and the _____ upper _______.
• A.D. 1 -Below the lithosphere is the
______ part of the mantle.
• A.D. 2 -Like ______ organisms, the
surface of Earth’s _______ has ______
(changed) over time.
• 24. Plate Tectonics: the theory that explains
how large pieces of Earth’s crust, called tectonic
plates, move and change shape.
• A.D. 1 -the continental crust portion of plates
form land; the oceanic crust portion of plates
are under the seafloor
• A.D. 2- plate boundaries are where these plates
come in contact
• A.D. 3 – As plates move, they carry continents
and oceans with them. Most plates have both.
• A.D. 4 – Plates are thicker under continents and
thinner under oceans.
• 24. Plate Tectonics: the theory that explains
how large pieces of Earth’s ______, called
_______ ______, ______ and _______ shape.
• A.D. 1 -the _________ crust portion of plates
form ____; the ______ crust portion of plates
are _____ the _________
• A.D. 2- plate _________ are where these
plates come in _________
• A.D. 3 – As plates _____, they ______
continents and _______ with them. Most plates
have ______.
• A.D. 4 – Plates are thicker under ________ and
thinner under ________.
NOW
• Let’s watch a short video review of
plate tectonics.
• http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/e
ss05_vid_plateintro/
Earth’s Tectonic Plates
Types of Tectonic
Plate Boundaries
Convergent Boundaries:
Oceanic-continental convergence:
Subduction zone
Convergent Boundaries:
Oceanic-continental convergence:
Deepocean
trench
Deepocean
trench
Convergent Boundaries:
Oceanic-continental convergence:
Convergent Boundaries:
Oceanic-oceanic convergence:
Subduction zone
Convergent Boundaries:
Oceanic-oceanic convergence:
Convergent Boundaries:
Continental-continental convergence (also
called Collisional)
Convergent Boundaries:
Continental-continental convergence (also
called Collisional)
Divergent Boundaries:
Oceanic:
Rift Valley
Divergent Boundaries:
Oceanic:
Divergent Boundaries:
Continental:
Ridges
Rift Valley
Divergent Boundaries:
Continental:
Great Rift Valley in Africa
Transform Boundaries:
Oceanic or Continental:
Transform Boundaries:
Oceanic or Continental:
How are
transform
boundaries
different from
convergent
and divergent?
Earthquakes
San Andreas Fault
When earthquakes occur under the
ocean…
In 2004, an earthquake under the Indian Ocean
triggered a tsunami that struck Sri Lanka and
Thailand. People had no warning. More than 250,000
lives were lost. Just a few years back, another
tsunami, triggered by an under-ocean earthquake,
struck Japan. Here is a 3-minute video to show you
the power of these giant waves.
Tsunami video-Japan
Causes of Plate
Tectonics
25. Why do the plates move?
1. Due to tremendous heat, most rock in the mantle
is molten (thick liquid).
2. Crust (lithosphere) moves around on top of hot,
flowing rock.
3. Inside the Earth, low density magma rises from
the core toward the crust. Magma cools beneath
the crust, becomes more dense, and sinks back
into the mantle. This rising and sinking creates
circular currents called convection currents.
These currents push and pull tectonic plates
around.
25. Why do the plates move?
1. Due to tremendous _____, most rock in the
_______ is _______ (thick liquid).
2. Crust (___________) moves around on top of hot,
___________ rock.
3. Inside the Earth, low density magma _______
from the _______ toward the ______. Magma
cools ________ the crust, becomes more ______,
and ________ back into the mantle. This ______
and sinking creates ________ currents called
___________ _________. These currents _____
and ______ tectonic ________ around.
Cool
Very hot due to
radioactive decay
NOW
• Let’s watch a video animation of what
scientists think is going on within the
Earth to cause the tectonic plates to
move. Watch for the convection
currents.
• Earth's interior animation of convection
and plate tectonics
26. Results of Plate Movement
A.D. 1-Formation of Earth’s features, such as
mountains, volcanoes, and deep sea trenches.
A.D. 2- Changes in the shape of Earth’s crust over
time.
A.D. 3 -Changes in climate due to the movement of
crustal plates through different climate zones over
time causing ice caps to increase/decrease, volume of
oceans to increase/decrease, & organisms to live/die
A.D. 4 -Changes in sea levels as volume of oceans &
height of land changes over time (result of #3
above)
A.D. 5 - Evolution of living organisms as plates move
through various types of climate zones
26. Results of Plate Movement
A.D. 1-Formation of Earth’s _______, such as
__________, volcanoes, and deep sea
________.
A.D. 2- _________ in the shape of Earth’s
______over time.
A.D. 3 -Changes in ________ due to the
movement of crustal plates through different
_______ zones over time causing ice caps to
_______/decrease, volume of _______ to
increase/________, & organisms to
____________
26. Results of Plate Movement
sea ______as
levels
A.D. 4 -Changes in _____
volume of oceans & height of
______changes
over time (result of #3
land
above)
Evolution/adaptations
A.D. 5 - _________ of living organisms
as plates move through various types of
climate zones
________
26. Results of Plate Movement
A.D. 4 -Changes in _____ ______as
volume of oceans & height of
______changes over time (result of #3
above)
A.D. 5 - _________ of living organisms
as plates move through various types of
________ zones
Fossils
• _______
show us how living things have
changed throughout Earth’s history.
Rocks
• _______
show us how Earth’s geologic
features have changed throughout
Earth’s history.
• What about how the atmosphere has
changed?
27. Ice cores
• Def. Cylinders of ice drilled from ice
caps and glaciers.
• A.D. 1 –Deeper ice is older.
• A.D. 2 -The ice may contain gases,
volcanic ash, and even traces of rare
elements.
• A.D. 3 -This information gives clues
about how Earth’s atmosphere and
climates have changed throughout its
history.
27. Ice cores
• Def. Cylinders of ____ drilled from ice
caps and _________.
• A.D. 1 –______ ice is _____.
• A.D. 2 -The ice may contain _______,
volcanic _____, and even traces of rare
________.
• A.D. 3 -This information gives _____
about how Earth’s ________ and
________ have _________ throughout
its history.
Whatever gases (carbon dioxide, oxygen,
methane, etc.) and solids (volcanic ash, dust,
salts) are in the air are also going to be in the
water. There is no barrier to keep them out of
bodies of water.
When water freezes, those gases and solids are trapped…frozen
in time. Ice core samples can give scientists an idea of how the
atmosphere has changed by analyzing the substances found in
the core samples. Was there a period of great volcanic activity
across the Earth? Was there a period of time when our air was not
so oxygen-rich? So…WHEN I SAY ICE CORES, YOU SAY
ATMOSPHERE! ICE CORES…atmosphere
ICE
CORES…atmosphere
Points to Remember
• The processes responsible for changes we
see on Earth today (volcanoes, weathering,
erosion, flooding, earthquakes, faulting, wave
and river erosion, and rising sea levels) are
similar to processes that have occurred
throughout Earth’s history.
(uniformitarianism)
• Both natural processes & human activities
result in environmental challenges such as
global climate change.
Stop here Day 12
Let’s begin a web quest to help us learn
more about plate tectonics and what
happens at the boundaries between
tectonic plates.
Andes Mountains,
South America
NOW
• Let’s watch a Brainpop video of plate
tectonics.
https://www.brainpop.com/science/earths
ystem/platetectonics/
• Let’s finish our notes on theory of
evolution and biological classification.
Notes & Discussion
• What is the Theory of Evolution & who proposed
this idea?
Theory of Evolution: A theory that states that living
things evolve (change) in response to changes in their
environment.
*proposed by Charles Darwin
*says that all life is related and descended from a
common ancestor
*genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code
(due to changes in the environment)
*the beneficial mutations are preserved because they help
the organism survive and are passed to the next generation
(natural selection)
*over time, the beneficial mutations accumulate & result in
an entirely different organism (not just a variation of the
original organism)
Theory of Evolution (cont.)
• Evolution is the result of the process of natural
selection (adaptation to changes in the environment.)
• This accounts for the diversity of organisms as
illustrated by fossil remains.
• Adaptations include changes in structures,
behaviors, or physiology (phenotype traits) that
enhance survival & reproductive success.
• Genotype is the genetic code (actual genes
themselves) for our physical traits
(phenotypes).
• Most species that have lived on Earth are now
extinct.
• ADD THE FOLLOWING TO YOUR
NOTECARD ON EVOLUTION: The
greater the diversity of
characteristics within a species, the
greater the chance that species has
of surviving environmental changes
(not becoming extinct!).
Notes Continued
• What is biological classification? What is
the purpose of it?
Biological Classification: A system used to
organize and classify all life on Earth. *called
“taxonomy”
Purposes of Biological Classification:
*ability to precisely describe organisms
*allows scientists to examine the relationships
among organisms & to construct evolutionary
trees illustrating the origin of life on Earth
NOW
• Let’s watch a quick review of the Theory
of Evolution
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/
humanevolution/preview.weml
Making a Connection
• Why do you suppose only 30-35 fish
have survived in our aquarium compared
with the 200 eggs we started with?
Wrap-up
• Write a summary statement explaining
the most important thing you learned
today. How is this illustrated in your
world outside of this class??????