Transcript Handout Chapter 11 Notes

Handout: Chapter 11 Notes
Pages 271 to 284
Rock Stress
1. Compression:
BOP IT
 Squeezes and shortens a body of rock
 Near convergent plate boundaries
2. Tension:
PULL IT
 Stretches and pulls a body of rock apart
 Near divergent plate boundaries
3. Shear Stress:
TWIST IT
 Pushes parts of the body of rock in opposite
directions
 At transform plate boundaries
Rock Stress
Faults: A break in a body of rock along which
one block slides relative to another
1. Normal Faults: form at divergent boundaries,
where the crust is pulling apart
2. Reverse Faults: form a convergent boundaries,
where the crust is pushed together or
compressed
3. Strike-Slip Faults: form at transform
boundaries, where tectonic plates grind past
each other as they move in opposite directions
Mountain Ranges and Systems
1. Mountain Ranges: a series of mountains
that are closely related in orientation,
age, shape, and structure
•
Mount Everest is part of the Great Himalaya
Range
2. Mountain Systems: a group of mountain
ranges that are next to each other
•
The Appalachian mountain system is made
up of several mountain ranges
Plate Tectonics and Mountains: Mountains
are formed mainly by the collision of 2
plates.
1. When oceanic crust meets continental crust
the continental crust is pushed.
•
The oceanic crust sinks underneath and melts
forming volcanoes.
2. When two oceanic plates collide, the more
dense one sinks below the other.
•
As it sinks, it melts to form volcanoes.
3. When two continents collide, the crust is
pushed upwards.
•
The Himalayas were formed this way when India
ran into Asia. (still growing)
Types of Mountains
1. Folded Mountains
•
•
•
Highest mountain ranges in the world
Tectonic plates colliding squeeze rock layers
upward, folding and faulting them
Himalayas, Appalachians, Alps are
examples
Plate Tectonics Comic Book
Page 13
Types of Mountains
2. Fault-Block Mountains
•
•
•
Crust has been stretched and broken into
large blocks
Happens where plates are being pulled
apart
Sierras, Wasatch, and Teton’s are examples
Plate Tectonics Comic Book
Page 13
Types of Mountains
3. Domed Mountains
•
•
•
Rare type formed when magma rises and
pushes up against the surface without
breaking through
A rounded mountain with a center peak
Henry Mts. In Utah, Black Hills of S.D. are
examples
Henry Mountains In Utah
Plate Tectonics Comic Book
Page 13
Types of Mountains
4. Salt Domed Mountain
•
Astronaut view of domed mountain created when salt,
underlain with petroleum deposits was squeezed up through
more dense rock layers towards the surface.
The End???