Transcript File - Ms Hicks` Classes

Natural Disasters
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Ring of Fire
• The “Ring of Fire” is a series of tectonic plate
boundaries around the Pacific Ocean.
• 75% of the world’s volcanoes and 90% of the
world’s earthquakes occur here
VOLCANOES
What is a Volcano?
• An opening in the
earth’s crust where
magma (molten rock)
flows from the mantle
to the surface
Landslides/Mudslides
• Volcanoes create new
land when molten rock
reaches the surface,
cools and hardens into
solid rock
• This can sometimes
cause fast-moving
landslides of boiling
mud
Divergent Zones
• Divergent boundaries –
where two plates are
moving away from each
other (Katla volcano in
Iceland)
Subduction Zones
• Subduction boundaries
– where two plates are
crashing into each other
(Kyushu volcano in
Japan)
Volcanoes in North America
• There are active volcanoes along the pacific coast of Canada
(British Columbia) and USA at the Pacific Plate Subduction Zone
Mount St Helens before it erupted
in 1980
Mount St Helens after it erupted in
1980
How do volcanoes DESTROY
land and life?
How do volcanoes CREATE
land and life?
Destroys plants/ animals
Plants can grown in volcanic
soil
Landslides / lava flows
Kill people (burning,
smoke/gas)
Lava cools into new rock = new
land
Opportunity for new plants to
Land gets covered by new rock, grow
ash, lava
Paricutin, Mexico
• A crack opened up in a farmer’s cornfield in 1943
• Ash and stone poured out, and it grew quickly –
it reached 5 stories tall in one month
• After 1 year it was over 1,100 feet tall
• It kept erupting for 8 years
Underwater Volcano
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/w
est-mata-submarine-volcano-vin
What is a Caldera?
• A caldera is a cauldronlike volcanic feature
usually formed by the
collapse of land
following a volcanic
eruption.
Mount Nyiragongo
Mount Nyiragongo
• An active volcano in the
Democratic Republic of
Congo
• The city of Goma (pop:
1 million) only lies 1318 km south of the
volcano
• It erupted in 2002, most
people were evacuated
in time
• But the lava destroyed
more than 40% of the
city
Mt Vesuvius
Mt Vesuvius
• Mount Vesuvius is best
known for its eruption
in AD 79 that led to the
burying and destruction
of the Roman cities of
Pompeii and
Herculaneum.
• An estimated 16,000
people died
• Vesuvius has erupted
many times since
• Today, it is regarded as
one of the most
dangerous volcanoes in
the world because of
the population of
3,000,000 people living
nearby and its tendency
towards explosive
eruptions
Yellowstone Supervolcano
• Yellowstone National
Park is famous for its
hot springs and its
geysers, like Old Faithful
• There is an immense
supervolcano there, it is
one of the largest in the
world
If the Yellowstone Supervolcano
erupted...
EARTHQUAKES
Earthquake Footage
• http://video.nationalge
ographic.com/video/10
1-videos/earthquake101
• https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=WezExbO
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The Richter Scale
• The Richter magnitude
scale assigns a
magnitude number to
measure the energy
released by an
earthquake.
• It goes 1-10
• An earthquake that
registers 5.0 on the
Richter scale is 10 times
stronger than that of an
earthquake that
registered 4.0
• A 3.0 earthquake is often
felt by people, but very
rarely causes damage.
Shaking of indoor objects
can be noticeable.
• A 8.0 earthquake would
cause major damage to
buildings. Will cause
moderate to heavy
damage to sturdy or
earthquake-resistant
buildings. Damaging in
large areas.
2010 Haiti Earthquake
• It measured 7.0 in
magnitude
• Deaths = 100,000200,000
• The poverty and poor
housing conditions
exacerbated the death
toll
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake &
tsunami
• An over 9.0 magnitude
quake hit the ocean
near Indonesia
• Triggered tsunamis that
killed over 230,000
people in 14 countries
• 3rd strongest
earthquake measured
with modern
equipment
Tsunami Footage
• https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=oFHymR7
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• https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=k3_m3lAC
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The next California earthquake?
• According to a new study,
there is so much built-up
tension under the San
Andreas fault, major
earthquakes could be
coming soon.
• This could affect millions
living in the San Francisco
Bay Area, as some of the
fault lines are located
underneath the heart of
the area’s infrastructure.
California Earthquake 1989
• https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Z7eABGp
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Top 15 Natural Disasters Caught on
Film
• https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=AVIqOXB1
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