Transcript Chao Phraya river basin

Chao Phraya river basin
Matthias Bethlehem
Jan Fliervoet
Irenee Sicard
Context
 Introduction
 Sustainability vision
 Baseline analysis
 Action plan
 Conclusion
Introduction
Chao Phraya river basin
- catchment area: 160.000km²
- entirely located in Thailand
- drains into the Gulf of Thailand/Pacific ocean
- consists of 8 sub-basins
- four large tributaries (Ping, Wang, Yom, Nan)
- Bangkok is located near the mouth
(>8M inhabitants)
- Chiang Mai (2nd largest city) is located at the
upper part of the basin
Water related issues
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Water scarcity and/or water allocation
High variation in rainfall due to Monsoon climate
Floods
Organic and bacterial pollution
Heavy industrial and domestic pollution in the Delta parts
Decreasing groundwater level and pollution (salinity due to the
intrusion of sodium and chloride)
Deforestation and its conversion to agricultural use in the upper
parts
Soil erosion
Equitability among stakeholders
Sustainability for the basin’s aquatic environment
Enable navigation even in dry season
Water for energy purposes
Water for industrial purposes
Water for cities
Sutainability vision
 Sustainable society
 Awareness
 Strong leadership
 People are not subject to conditions that systematically
undermine their capacity to meet their needs.
 Sustainable river
 System thinking, including cycles of nature
 Decentralization of water management
 Decrease concentrations of substances extracted from
the Earth’s crust.
 Decrease concentrations of substances produced by
society.
 Decrease degradation by physical means.
Scale
Private
Public
Local
(operational)
Farmers
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Rice farmers
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Tobacco and vegetables farmers
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Fisheries
Rural businesses
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Irrigational businesses
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Businesses dependent on water
Agricultural extension agents
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Community based organisations
Regional/State
(implementation)
Businesses
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Businesses dependent on water
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Navigational businesses
Agricultural extension and technical officers
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Private consultants
Organisations
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Nan Civil Society Co-ordination Centre
(NCSCC)
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Hak Muang Nan group (students)
State officials (agricultural extensions and technical officers)
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National Parks and Wildlife services
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State forests
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Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA)
Regional basin management organisations
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All Sub-River Basin Committees
Academics
National
(strategic/policy)
National businesses
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Bangkok industrial and domestic users
Organisations
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World Water Assessment Programme
(WWAP)
Media
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National newspapers, television and radio
stations
Officials and programmes in federal organisations
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Chao Phraya River Basin Committee
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Office of Natural Water Resources Committee (ONWRC)
of Thailand
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Department of Water Resources
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Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT)
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Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC)
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Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE)
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Ministry of Public Health (MOPH).
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Royal Irrigation Department (RID)
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Provincial Waterworks Authority (PWA)
Global
(strategic/policy)
International agribusinesses
Academics and researchers
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Australian Mekong Research Centre (AMRC)
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United Nations (World Water Development Report)
Philanthropic organisations
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International NGOs (e.g. WWF)
Determine important stakeholders
 Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand
(EGAT)
 Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MNRE)
 Provincial Waterworks Authority (PWA)
 Farmers
 Industry
Determine flows
Needs
Input
Output
Waste
What is lost
Domestic
water
Surface- and
groundwater
(purification processes)
Drinking water
Sewage water
Water quantity and
quality
Irrigation
Surface- and
groundwater
Food
Organic and chemical
polluted water
Water quantity and
quality
Industrial
water
Surface- and
groundwater
Diverse products
Chemical polluted
water
Water quantity and
quality
Hydropower
Surface water
Electricity
Environmental barrier
Land area, migration
routes, traditional
techniques of
irrigation, natural
river flow
Navigation
Surface water
Water as a transport
medium
Polluted surface water
Water quality
Fisheries
Surface water
Food
Organic pollution
Water quality,
biodiversity
SC - Analysis
 SC 1:
nature is not subject to systematically increasing
concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth’s crust
Negative aspects:
- Fast extraction of groundwater
Positive apects:
- no fossil fuels extracted
SC - Analysis
 SC 2:
nature is not subject to systematically increasing
concentrations of substances produced by society
Negative aspects:
- Agricultural, industrial, and domestic waste
- Navigation
SC - Analysis
 SC 3:
nature is not subject to systematically increasing
degradation by physical means.
Negative aspects:
- Deforestation (upper areas)
- Natural river flow
Positive apects:
- Ecosystem diveristy is still available.
SC - Analysis
 SC 4:
In that society people are not subject to conditions that
systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs.
Negative aspects:
- Not equally distribution of resources and economic wealth
Positive aspects:
- Economic development
Key areas
 Improvement of the surface water quality and
quantity.
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Urban areas
Rural areas
Action plan
3 short-term actions
 Build watertreatment plants (in the cities)
 Semi-flexible
 Improve water quality
 Improvement of water infrastructure in the cities.
 Semi-flexible
 Improve water quantity
 Increase forestation
 Flexible
 Reduce soil erosion, improve water quality and
quantity
Action plan
3 long-term actions
 Adapt land-use (use less water for agricultural activities)
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Flexible
Secure food supply
Agricultural sector
 Reduce use of groundwater resources by increase of water
infrastructure in the whole basin.
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Flexible
Less independent on groundwater resources
The industrial, domestic and agricultural stakeholders.
 Install water pricing for irrigation (Payment for Ecosystem Services
PES)
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Flexible
Improvement of water quality and quantity
Agricultural stakeholders.
Conclusion
 Improve education and communication
between stakeholders.
 More awareness about water related
problems