Transcript Earth Layers for Websitex

Today’s Goal: To identify the different layers that make up
the Earth’s interior by composition
Warm-up:
DR 4.1 -pp7-8 (96-97 text)—ONLY # 1-12
Homework:
Finish 3 Layer Diagram 1 Only
Three Things Today:
1.
2.
3.
Landform Presentations
Earth’s Layers PP
3 Layer Diagram
Wrap-up:
How are Earth’s 3 layers divided?
A. Earth’s layers 
Divided up in two ways:
(1) Composition (the compounds they’re made of)
(2) Physical properties (how they behave)
B. What is a compound?
Pure substance made of
elements chemically
bonded together
Three layers based
on composition:
1) Crust
2) Mantle
3) Core
Densest layers are in the core
because denser objects
always sink due to gravity,
while less dense objects float
to the surface.
crust
mantle
core
Continental Crust
Granite
DENSER
Oceanic Crust
LESS DENSE
Basalt
Continental crust silicon, oxygen and aluminum
Oceanic crust  iron, calcium, and magnesium
Why does oceanic crust sit lower than continental crust?
(What do we know about basalt?)
A. Between the core and crust
B. Most of the Earth’s mass is in
the mantle
C. Contains more magnesium,
which is denser than aluminum
in the crust
The top layers of the mantle are hot
enough to be plastic or semi-liquid,
which allows it to…
FLOW
There are places in the
ocean where the mantle
pushes through to form
new rock along the ocean
floor.
Scientists research the ocean
floor to find out about the
mantle, because…
They’re made of the same stuff!
A. Consists of an outer liquid
core and a solid inner core
B. Makes up 1/3 of the
Earth’s mass
C. Made mainly of iron and
nickel (the denser
elements)
D. Almost no silicon, oxygen,
and aluminum
Why do you think part of the core is
liquid, when the inner core is solid?
The South American plate is a single
plate containing both continental and
oceanic crust. It is surrounded by
several other oceanic plates.
Part 1: 3 Layers Diagram—
By Composition
Today’s Goal: To identify the different layers that make up
the Earth’s interior by physical structure
Warm-up:
Layers and Continental Drift Vocabulary; please
take out your 3 layer diagram
Homework:
Have a nice day off/Easy fast if you celebrate
Three Things Today:
1.
2.
3.
Presentations
Solid or Liquid?
Earth’s Layers PP
Wrap-up:
Which layer model is better?
Earth’s Layers-Composition
Mantle—67% of Earth’s mass, is 2900
km thick, Scientists know about its
composition from studying volcanoes,
More Magnesium & Iron and less Silicon,
Oxygen, & Aluminum
Core—
Mostly made of Iron
with some Nickel
Crust—Thin solid layer,
5-100
kmall
deep,
Contains
life less
than 1% of Earth’s mass,
Mostly made of silicon,
oxygen, and aluminum
Contains
continental crust
which is thick but
less dense
Contains oceanic crust
that is thin and more
dense
1. How do scientists think about the physical layers of the Earth? ___by its
composition and its physical layers_____________________
2. Define compound. A substance composed of 2 or more elements
THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH
Why do less dense compounds make up the Earth’s crust while densest compounds
make up the core?
3. ___heavier elements are pulled towards the center of the Earth by gravity, and
elements of less mass are found farther from the center________________
4. List the three layers of the Earth based on their composition. Label the letters of
each layer on the circle below.
a. crust
b. mantle
c. core
5. What three elements make up most of the Earth’s crust? __silicon, oxygen and
alumium__________
6. Which crust is denser, oceanic or continental?
7. What three elements make one of the types of crust denser?
_magnesium, iron and calcuim_
8. The mantle is composed of more of the element __magnesium_ than the crust.
9. Why do scientists look at the ocean floor to research the mantle?
Magma from the mantle flows out active volcanoes on the ocean
floor_____________________________
10. Explain why the mantle is denser than the crust. Its composed of more magnesium and less
silicon and aluminum
11. What element makes up most of the Earth’s core? _iron_
12.How much of the Earth’s mass is made up by the core? ____1/3 or 33%__________
Oobleck
• Solid or Liquid?
• Solid—
• Definite Shape, Definite Volume
• Liquid—
• Shape Changes Definite Volume
Match the correct definition with the correct term from the list below.
B
A
D
E
C
13. The outermost, rigid layer of the earth
14. A layer of slowly flowing rock in the mantle
15. The liquid layer of the core
B
16. The solid layer of the core
17. The strong, lower part of the mantle
18. Use the letters to label the picture!
A. asthenosphere
B. lithosphere
C. mesosphere
D. outer core
E. inner core
A
D
C
E
Today’s Goal: To identify the different layers that make up
the Earth’s interior
Warm-up:
Complete Earth Layers and Continental Drift
Vocabulary
Homework:
Complete Earth’s 5 Layers Diagram and Questions
(13 Points)
Three Things Today:
1.
2.
3.
Presentations
Earth’s 5 Layers PP
5 Layer Diagram and Questions
Wrap-up:
4.1 #13-17
Oobleck
Solid or Liquid?
• Amorphous Solid (Non-Newtonian)
Behaves like what layer of the Earth?
• Part of the
mantle
Match the correct definition with the correct term from the list below.
B
A
D
E
C
13. The outermost, rigid layer of the earth
14. A layer of slowly flowing rock in the mantle
15. The liquid layer of the core
B
16. The solid layer of the core
17. The strong, lower part of the mantle
18. Use the letters to label the picture!
A. asthenosphere
B. lithosphere
C. mesosphere
D. outer core
E. inner core
A
D
C
E
Five layers based on
physical properties:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer core
Inner core
Oobleck Layer
This layer makes up the tectonic plates!
Lithosphere Rocky crust and rigid outermost mantle
Asthenosphere Plastic upper mantle directly beneath
the lithosphere
Mesosphere Dense, hard lower layers of the mantle
This layer creates the Earth’s magnetic field!
Outer Core Liquid iron and nickel due to heat
Inner Core Solid iron and nickel due to pressure
How do we know
about these
layers?
By the
motion of
seismic
waves
When earthquakes occur,
seismic waves (vibrations) are
sent out in all directions,
through the earth.
These vibrations reach
different places at different
times because of the ways the
waves…
BEND and CHANGE SPEED
as they pass through the
internal layers.
5 Layers of the Earth
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Outer Core
Mesosphere
Inner Core
Part 2: 5 Layers Diagram—
By Physical Properties
Part 2: Labeling
After you have drawn your Earth layer diagram
1) On your diagram:
• Shade and label the name of each layer
• L-Brown, A-Red, M-Pink, O-Orange,
• I-Yellow
•
Unscramble the given facts and write them in
the correct layer on your diagram
Use p. 98 - 99
Today’s Goal: To identify the different layers that make up
the Earth’s interior
Warm-up:
5 Layer Model Diagram
Homework:
Have a nice weekend
Three Things Today:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Presentations
Trivia
Layers Q and A WKST
DR 4.1 19-24
Wrap-up: If geologists were studying density and minerals,
which model would they use? Response to energy waves?
Mnemonic Device
• Loud And Mad Orange Inchworms
• Loud And Mad Orange Inchworms
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Earth’s 5 Layer Model
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
5 Layers based on physical
structure
Oceanic Crust
Continental Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
How do we know
about these
layers?
By the
motion of
seismic
waves
How Scientists Use Seismic Waves to
Map Earth’s Interior
This layer is made of granite and basalt…
A – Mantle
B - Crust
This layer is the densest layer…
A – Core
B – Mesosphere
This is the layer on which the plates
move…
A – Asthenosphere
B – Mesosphere
This layer is molten and causes the magnetic
poles…
A – Inner Core
B – Outer Core
This layer takes up the majority of Earth’s
mass…
A – Mantle
B – Core
These layers are divided based on the
elements they are made of…
A – Crust, mantle, and core
B – Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer
Core, and Inner Core
This layer is made of Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O),
and Aluminum (Al) and has a low density…
A – Asthenosphere
B – Crust
This layer is the rocky and rigid layer…
A – Mesosphere
B – Lithosphere
This layer is made of Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe)…
A – Core
B – Mantle
These layers are divided based on their
physical state…
A – Crust, mantle, and core
B – Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer
Core, and Inner Core
This is the dense and hard layer of the mantle…
A – Asthenosphere
B – Mesosphere
This layer is “flowing” similar to glass…
A – Asthenosphere
B – Lithosphere
This layer is broken into pieces called tectonic
plates…
A – Mesosphere
B – Lithosphere
This layer is under the most intense pressure…
A – Inner Core
B – Mesosphere
This layer is composed of a lot of Magnesium
(Mg), less Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)…
A –Mantle
B – Core
Your Turn
• Complete Worksheet
Chart Questions: Using the information from your chart above, answer
the following analysis questions:
• How far beneath Earth’s surface would you have to go before you
were no longer passing rock that had a composition of granite?
• 50km
• How far beneath Earth’s surface would you have to go to find liquid
material in the Earth’s core?
•
2950km
• At what depth would you find mantle material but still be within the
lithosphere?
• 51-150km
• How far beneath Earth’s surface would you have to go to find solid
iron and nickel in Earth’s core?
• 5,100km
Additional Analysis Questions:
1. What layers from the 5-layer model are part of the mantle?
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere
1. Rank the 3-layers in order from the most dense to the least dense.
Mesosphere—most dense, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere—least dense
1. Make some inferences about the following characteristics:
A. The deeper you go into Earth’s interior, the PRESSURE will:
(circle one)
- increase
- decrease
- stay the same
B.The deeper you go into Earth’s interior, the TEMPERATURE will:
(circle one)
- increase
- decrease
- stay the same
1. According to the wave speeds shown in the table below, which two
physical layers of the Earth are densest?
Physical layer
Wave Speed
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
7 to 8 km/s
7 to 11 km/s
11 to 13 km/s
8 to 10 km/s
11 to 12 km/s
2. Explain why seismic waves travel faster through a solid rock than through
water.
Atoms are packed tightly together allowing energy to flow through
quickly
1. Explain the difference between the crust and the lithosphere.
Crust—layer based on composition, Lithosphere—layer based on
rigid, rocky layer and contains the entire crust plus the upper mantle