Transcript PGO C1-choice-and-challenge-activities

C1 Choice and
Challenge activities
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The atom and the periodic table
Limestone and building materials
Extracting metals
Products from oil
Useful products from oil
Plant oils
Structure of the Earth
The early atmosphere
All
of
you
Using calcium as an example describe the arrangement of sub-atomic particles in an
atom. You could include a diagram to support your description
Explain using group numbers and periods the
arrangement of elements in the periodic table
Challenge
Explain why the reactivity of group 1 increases as you go
down the group but the reactivity of group 7 decreases as
you go down the group. You should discuss electrostatic
forces in your answer
Explain the difference between
ionic and covalent bonding.
Your answer should include
diagrams to illustrate and key
words (ion, shells, positive,
negative, donate and accept)
Choose
Explain why group 0 are very
unreactive. Your answer
should include a diagram to
illustrate this.
All of you
Explain the effect of acid rain on
limestone. Your answer could
include a symbol equation for the
reaction
Write an equation
for each of the
reactions shown
Write the chemical name for limestone and explain what happens to a
metal carbonate when heated. Your answer should include a balanced
symbol equation
Challenge
List the ingredients needed to make
the following: mortar, cement and
concrete
Choose
Discuss the environmental
issues with limestone
quarrying
Write a word and balanced symbol
equation for the reduction of CuO
using carbon
All of
you
Write an introduction paragraph on metal. In this you should state
where metals are found, how they are extracted and what
determines how they are extracted
Challenge
Explain why copper is
expensive to extract and the
process of extracting copper
(mining, smelting and
electrolysis). Your answer
should include a word and
balanced symbol equation
What is an alloy, why are
they useful and give an
example of an alloy?
Choose
List the useful properties
of copper that make it
good for wiring
All of
you
Use the general
formula to show
that pentane has
12 hydrogens
Crude oil is a .......................... of lots of different compounds. Nearly all the compounds are …….……..……………...
because they contain only hydrogen and carbon. Most of the hydrocarbons are belong to a family called the
………….……..…
The alkanes are ……………….…….……….. hydrocarbons because no more hydrogen atoms can be added to the
carbon atoms. The general formula for an alkane is……….…..……….
Challenge
Explain why petrol condenses
at the top of the column during
fractional distillation and how
this make it a better fuel
Draw the displayed
formula for heptane
Choose
How many carbon
atoms are there in an
alkane which has 30
hydrogen atoms?
All
of
you
When hydrocarbon fuels burn in plenty of air they release …..……............. The reaction produces two new substances
……………………………..……... and ……………...……….. The carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are …………………. (gain oxygen)
How are biodiesel,
bioethanol and hydrogen
fuel made
Choose
Why are large
hydrocarbons not very
useful and how can they
be made more useful?
Challenge
Cracking forms an alkane and an
alkene. The alkanes are used as fuels.
The alkenes are used to make plastic
and ethanol
Draw a diagram to show the formation
of a polymer
Write a balanced symbol equation for
the formation of ethanol from ethene
Pollutant
Where does it come from?
Why is it a problem?
All
of
you
Challenge
List the ways plant oil can be extracted
Which parts of a plant can oil be extracted from?
Put the steps below in the correct order
A
The plant oil and steam are condensed
B
The plant oil separates from water
C
The plant is heated in water
D
The plant oil and water are collected
E
The plant oil and water evaporate
How can bromine water be used to test whether a fat is
saturated or not?
What are the advantages
and disadvantages of
cooking with vegetable oil
Choose
Explain using the diagram how emulsifiers work.
In your answer you should use key words like
hydrophilic, hydrophobic and emulsion.
Give examples of food and non-food
emulsions
What are the problems
with the overuse of
vegetable oils in cooking?
All
of
you
The outer layer is very thin and is called the …………… The much thicker layer
below this is called the ……………….…; it is solid but can flow in parts very
slowly. The centre layer is the ………….…; it is about half the radius of the
Earth. A thin layer of gases called the ………………….….... surrounds the
Earth.
What evidence is there that the earth’s continents were
once joined in a supercontinent known as Pangea
Challenge
What evidence did Alfred Wegner use for his theory of continental drift?
What did his theory state?
Why did people not believe him at first?
We now know the mechanism of plate movement; how does this movement
occur?
Explain how volcanoes and
mountains arise at plate
boundaries
Choose
Explain how earthquakes
and tsunamis occur at plate
boundaries
All
of
you
Put the following steps in order:
• Carbon dioxide stored in fossil fuels is released
• 5000 million years ago the Earth’s surface was still molten and any atmosphere was boiled away by the
incredible heat.
• Eventually the Earth began to cool and a thin crust formed, however volcanoes kept erupting and belching out
gases, mostly carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and steam.
• Volcanoes release carbon dioxide and water vapour
• Levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere increase
• Photosynthesis of plants and algae produces oxygen
• Oxygen forms the ozone layer
• Water vapour condenses to form the oceans
• The atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium
Challenge
Air is liquefied to separate its components. Explain how the
process of fractional distillation is used to separate its components
Add labels to the arrows to
show the processes that
take in and remove carbon
dioxide from the
atmosphere.
Explain how humans are
disrupting this cycle
How has the
atmosphere changed
since its development?
Choose
What caused changes in the
earths atmosphere and how
did these changes allow life
to begin