Transcript Mt. St. Helens - Earth Science

Topographic Maps 11/18/14
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140m
80m
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south
Earth Science 2nd Quarter T of C: The Solid Earth
How the Earth was Made: Mt. St. Helens
1) How many feet did Mt. St. Helen
blow off of her summit?
3) What & when was the most recent
explosion that occurred in the U.S. before Mt. St.
Helen?
DUE DATE
& Pages
Assign
Avg.
I&E
Assess
3a-Seafloor Features
Standard 3
Plate Tectonics
2) How long was Mt. St Helen dormant
(asleep) for?
STANDARD
3b-Plate Boundaries
3c-Properties of Rocks
3d-Earthquakes
4) What happens when there is a greater build up of
gases inside a volcano?
Standard 7
Biogeochemical Cycles
6) How far was visibility reduced by the eruption of the
volcano?
7a-Biological Carbon &
California Geology
5) What was causing the rock to bulge on the North
Side/Flank of the volcano?
3e-Volcanoes
9a-California’s
Geologic Resources
Nitrogen Cycles
7b-The Global Carbon
Cycle
7c-Movement of Matter
10) How did the lava flow out in the 2004 eruptions?
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Standard I & E
9) How long would it take magma to build up Mt. St.
Helen to it’s pre-1980 size?
1.h.
8) How high was the mushroom cloud that was
spewed up over Mt. St. Helens?
Standard 9
7) How many people were killed in the eruption?
9b-California’s
Natural Hazards
9c-California’s Water
Resources
1.h. Topographic
Mapping
(Investigation &
Experimentation)
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3
Academic Vocabulary
Term
Definition
Mini-pic
1) SUBDUCTION ZONE (9.3)
3) HOT SPOT (9.4)
4) CONVECTION OR
CONVECTIVE FLOW (9.5)
5) MANTLE PLUME (.9.5)
6) FOCUS (8.1)
7) EPICENTER (9.1)
8) FAULT (9.1)
9) MOMENT MAGNITUDE (8.2)
10) VISCOSITY (10.1)
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Standards:
Required for 100% or extra
points
2) PALEOMAGNETISM (9.4)
Standard 3 – Dynamic
Earth Processes
3)
Plate tectonics operating over geologic
time has changed the patterns of land,
sea, and mountains on Earth’s surface
•
Chp. 9, sections 2, 3, 4, 5
•
Chp. 8: sections 1 & 2
•
Chp. 10: section 1
4) Each element on Earth moves
among reservoirs in the solid Earth,
oceans, atmosphere, and organisms
as part of biogeochemical cycles.
•
Page 85 (The Carbon Cycle)
•
Page 129 (Chemical Weathering)
9) The geology of California underlies the
state’s wealth of natural resources as well
as its natural hazards.
•
Chp. 13A
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Standard 3a – Ocean Floor Topography
Continental Margin
 Shoreline
 Continental shelf
 Continental slope
Core Concepts
Answer/Notes
PowerPics
Mid-Atlantic Ridge –
Underwater volcanic
1) Name and describe the
mountain range
longest topographic
located halfway
feature on the planet
between No. & So.
America
 Submarine canyon
 Continental rise
Ocean Floor
2) With respect to the mid
ocean ridge system,
Youngest - near ridge
identify the youngest and Oldest - near
oldest portions of the
continents/trenches
ocean floor
 Deep Ocean Trench
 Abyssal Plain
 Seamounts
3) Compare the age of the Continents - very old
oldest continental rocks
(billions)
with those on the ocean
Ocean floor - young
floor.
(oldest is 200 myo)
 Guyot
 Coral Atoll
 Mid-Ocean Ridge
 Rift Valley
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4)Describe the pattern of Alternating High and
the magnetic field
Low field stripes
anywhere across the ridge Symmetrical on either
system.
side of ridge
5) State the theory of
seafloor spreading
New seafloor is
created at mid-ocean
ridges and recycled
back into trenches
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Standard 3a – Ocean Floor Topography Standard 3a – Ocean Floor Topography
Core Concepts
Answer/Notes
PowerPics
Core Concepts
Answer/Notes
_____–________
_______
1) Name and describe the Underwater _______
longest topographic
mountain range
feature on the planet
located halfway
between ____ & ____
America
_____–________
_______
1) Name and describe the Underwater _______
longest topographic
mountain range
feature on the planet
located halfway
between ____ & ____
America
2) With respect to the mid
Youngest - ____ocean ridge system,
______ _________
identify the youngest and
Oldest - near
oldest portions of the
_________________
ocean floor
2) With respect to the mid
Youngest - ____ocean ridge system,
______ _________
identify the youngest and
Oldest - near
oldest portions of the
_________________
ocean floor
___________ - very
3) Compare the age of the
old (billions)
oldest continental rocks
______ ________with those on the ocean
young (oldest is 200
floor.
myo)
___________ - very
3) Compare the age of the
old (billions)
oldest continental rocks
______ ________with those on the ocean
young (oldest is 200
floor.
myo)
4)Describe the pattern of Alternating High and
the magnetic field
Low _______ _______
anywhere across the ridge _______ ______ on
system.
either side of ridge
4)Describe the pattern of Alternating High and
the magnetic field
Low _______ _______
anywhere across the ridge _______ ______ on
system.
either side of ridge
New seafloor is
________ at mid-ocean
ridges and __________
back into trenches
New seafloor is
________ at mid-ocean
ridges and __________
back into trenches
5) State the theory of
seafloor spreading
5) State the theory of
seafloor spreading
PowerPics
Convection Lab
VI. Results
Create a diagram (using
arrows) summarizing what
happens in convection.
Please Set up this lab
in your notebook...
VII. Discussion Questions
I. Purpose
To understand how the process of
convection works and how it could
move lithospheric plates.
II. Background
•
Convection –
the flow of a
heated
material (gas,
liquid, solid).
V. Data
1. How does convection relate to plate
tectonics?
2. In this model, what layers of the
Earth do the following represent?
a) Water in the tub:
b) Cup of hot water:
3. How does the movement in trial 2
compare to how new seafloor is
created?
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Color code layers to notes:
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Structure of the Earth 12-9-2014
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Lithosphere
(plates)
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Oceanic
Continental
Crust
Upper (rigid)
Upper (flowing)
Mantle
Lower (rigid)
Outer
Core
Inner
VII. Discussion
Please write down the 3-7
Question/Conclusion section
questions on your output page
here from the lab sheet on
your table.
Solid or Liquid?
I. Purpose
To understand the properties of
solids that make up the Earth’s
asthenosphere.
II. Background
(3 notes from handout)
V. Data
Substance
Please
Set up this
Lab...
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Observations
Typical Solids
Typical Liquids
Silly Putty
Mystery
Substance
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1 note for each “spike”, color code.
Standard 3b – Plate Boundaries
Core Concepts
Divergent
PowerPics
Divergent - apart
① List the three types of
Convergent - together
plate boundaries and their
Transform - move past
characteristic movement
each other
Continental
Rift
Ocean
Ridges
Answer/Notes
Transform
② Name the characteristic
structures of divergent
boundaries and give an
example
Thinning crust
Rift Valleys
( East Africa)
Oceanic-oceanic: trench
Plate Boundaries
③ Name the three types of
convergent boundaries
and their characteristic
structures; give an
example of each
& volcanic islands, ex.
Japan, Philippines
Oceanic-continental:
trench and volcanic
mountains, ex. Cascades
Continental-continental:
mountains, ex,
Himalayas
④ Name the characteristic
structures of transform
boundaries and give an
example
Faults
Ex. San Andreas
⑤ What process recycles
Earth’s crust and is
associated with volcanic
island arcs?
Subduction
Subduction zone –place
where one oceanic plate
is forced beneath
another  creates a
deep ocean trench
Convergent
OceanicOceanic
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OceanicContinental
ContinentalContinental
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Ocean
Ridges
Continental
Rift
Transform
Divergent
Plate Boundaries
Convergent
OceanicOceanic
OceanicContinental
ContinentalContinental
OUTPUT
1. Draw the rock cycle diagram
2. Write a brief explanation of what the
rock cycle tells us about how rocks
change.
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Standard 3c – Properties of Rocks
Learning Target
Answer/Notes
1)
List the two
properties by
which rocks are
classified.
chemical composition
Texture (crystal size
& arrangement)
2)
List the two
factors that
determine the
texture of rocks.
Temperature and
pressure under which
they formed
3)
Identify the three
types of rocks,
their origin and
their resulting
textures
Igneous, from magma
interlocking crystalline
textures
Sedimentary, from
accumulation, compaction
and lithification 
fragmental texture
Metamorphic, from heat &
pressure  foliated and
non foliated
4)
Explain the role
plate tectonics
plays in rock
formation.
Distribution of rock
5)
Subduction: moves
from surface to deep;
Name the two
subjected to heat and
tectonic processes
pressure
that distribute
Uplift: moves to
rock and the result
surface; . temp &
of each.
pressure & allows
weathering
PowerPics
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In a divergent boundary,
plates ___________ creating
a rift. Most are __________
(ocean ridges), but a few
are on______(Great Rift
Valley in East Africa).
Convergent plates move
________ each other.
Divergent plates move
_____ from each other.
Transform plates move
______ each other.
The continental crust is
much _________ than the
oceanic crust. This is
evidence that supports
_________ ______________.
In a divergent boundary,
plates _________ creating a
rift. Most are __________
(ocean ridges), but a few
are on ________ (Great Rift
Valley in East Africa).
New crust is formed at
________ ___________ and
destroyed at the
__________.
In a ___________ __________
boundary, ocean crust is
_____________ Volcanic
mountains are created.
In a _______________________________convergent
boundary, the two buoyant
crusts are pushed up into a
___________ _________.
Magnetic bands of
different polarities create
_______ images on opposite
sides of the ____-_______
ridges. This provides
______________for seafloor
spreading.
In a ____________boundary,
two plates ____________
horizontally past each
other. Faults and
_______________ occur here.
The theory of _____________
______________explains that
_______________ “ride” with
the_________ -_________as
it moves away from the
ridges.
In an _________________________ boundary
________ crust is
subducted. Volcanic island
arcs are created
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Rocks _________only
under certain
conditions, the
________ of
temperature, pressure
and _________makeup.
Earthquakes occur when
the ________on a fracture
in the Earth (fault) is
________ than the _________
of the rocks.
_________ also know
as rate of _______ is
_______ with thick
material & _________
with more fluid
material or magmas.
_____________,
__________ &
____________rocks
subjected to heat and
pressure become
metamorphic rock.
(ex. Limestone 
marble.)
Earthquakes occur when
the ________on a fracture
in the Earth (fault) is
________ than the _________
of the rocks.
_______ cone
volcanoes are the
smallest, have
______ sides from
ejected material,
erupt violently and
have magma high in
_______ and water.
_________ rock forms
from the_________of a hot,
molten mass of rock,
either below the Earth’s
surface (___________) or
above the Earth’s surface
_____________).
___________rock is formed
when small particles of
_______, _________ or
__________ material
accumulate in layers and
are subjected to great
pressure.
__________ rates the
energy released by an
earthquake and can be
measured by using several
different scales such as
the __________
____________scale and the
____________ scale.
Volcanoes are
_________ into 3
types based on size,
shape, type of
________ and type of
eruption.
_______ magma cools
more _______and
creates ________
_________ than
extrusive magma.
Earthquake ________is a
measure of the severity of
an earthquake based on
_____________ of its effect
on Earth’s surface,
buildings and people. It is
rated by the __________ ____________scale.
_______ volcanoes
are the largest with
gently sloping sides
and non-explosive
________ lava flows.
The driving force of
plate tectonics and
seafloor spreading is
probably related to
__________
______________in the
Earth’s mantle especially the
_________________.
Earthquake ________is a
measure of the severity of
an earthquake based on
_____________ of its effect
on Earth’s surface,
buildings and people. It is
rated by the __________ ____________scale.
__________(strato)
volcanoes are large,
have steep sides
with________of lava
flows and explosive
debris, often
separate vents,
usually _________
___________and have
varied magma types.
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VI. Results
Demonstrate your success (how
many correct I.d.s?):
mathematically, with a table,
graphically, etc.
MINERAL I.D. LAB
I. Purpose
To become familiar with using
physical properties to identify
minerals
V. Data
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VII. Discussion
The Link!
Please write a 5 sentence summary
paragraph explaining what you
learned in the lab.
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#
Mineral
#
Mineral
1.
Galena
11.
Corundum
2.
Pyrite
12.
Olivine
3.
Hornblende
13.
Biotite
4.
Chalcopyrite
14.
Muscovite
5.
Limonite
15.
Quartz
6.
Talc
16.
Fluorite
7.
Gypsum
17.
Halite
8.
Apatite
18.
Calcite
9.
Hematite
19.
Magnetite
10.
Graphite
Please Draw the 3 different
Types of plate boundaries
Below. You may use the
textbook pgs. 254-264
1) Convergent:
Amazing Planet: “Born of Fire”
National Geographic
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2) Divergent:
6)
7)
8)
3) Transform:
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9)
10)
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VI. Results
Construct a BAR graph showing the
average % of O2 and H2 for both the
class and the group.
Electrolysis Lab
I. Purpose
To learn one technique used to
separate minerals
II. Background
•Electrolysis-separation of compounds
using electricity
•Ore-a mineral mined for profit
•Bauxite-Al2O3 the ore from which aluminum
is obtained
V. Data
VII. Discussion
1) How did your %s compare with
the class? How close did your ratio
of H to O come to the expected?
2) Discuss how this technique is
used in the production of aluminum.
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V. Data
Trial #
1
2
3
4
Group
Average
Class
Average
Volume of gas in
H2 Test Tube
Volume of gas in
O2 Test Tube
Ratio of H2 Volume
to O2 Volume
(divide H2 by O2)