Transcript Layers of the Earth PPT with notes for foldablex

November 26
Q2 - pg.
• Daily Goal: We be able to diagram the
structure of the Earth and list each part’s
signature characteristics.
• Homework: Gist, start science fair
presentation board
• Science Starter:
1. What do you think the Earth is made of?
Explain.
2. Is the Earth a solid, a liquid or a gas? Explain.
What do all of these
pictures have in
common?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO76yRO8
HVE
Objective: You will be able to
identify the layers of the earth and
describe the characteristics of each.
***WRITE THIS DOWN***
The earth has 4 layers:
• The Crust
• The Mantle
• The Outer Core
• The Inner Core
***DRAW THIS***
Let's investigate!
**Remember to take notes!
How is an egg like the
Earth?
**COPY THIS CHART IN YOUR
NOTEBOOK**
Layer of
the Earth
Inner Core
Outer
Core
Mantle
Crust
Composed
of:
Temp.
Solid,
Liquid,
Gas
Fact
Let's delve into the details.
**But first, make sure you have the
chart in your notebook!
***WRITE THIS DOWN***
• The earth is made mostly of
rock.
Three-fourths of the earth’s
surface is covered by a thin
layer of water.
• The entire planet is surrounded by a thin layer
of gas we call the atmosphere.
Can we dig a hole to China?
You will:
• Construct a model of the earth
• Fill out facts about each layer
• Answer analysis questions
Then you can tell me,
• Can we dig to China?
• Why or why not?
Earth Stats
• The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg.
• Earth is the densest planet in our Solar
System (mass/volume).
• Earth is made of several layers with
different compositions and physical
properties, like temperature, density, and
the ability to flow.
The Composition of
the Earth
The Composition of
the Earth
Crust
•Thinnest layer (5-100 km)
•Two types of crust
•Continental
•Like granite
•Average 30 km
•Oceanic
•Like basalt
(Basalt is denser than granite!)
•Average 5-8 km
Crust
Oceanic
Continental
- all the ocean floors
- All continents and some islands
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR
GLOSSARY***
• Earth’s Crust - the thinnest
layer of Earth (5-100 km), made
ofRemember
two parts: to take notes on
–the
crust: about
yourcontinental
Earth Diagram,
too! 30 km
wide, made of rocks and minerals
– and the oceanic crust: about 5 to
10 km. wide, made of the liquids
The Composition of
the Earth
Mantle
•Extremely Thick! (2,900 km)
•It is too far down to drill
•How do we know what it is
made of?
•Scientists infer based on:
•Pushed up rock
•Ocean floor/molten rock
•What is it like?
•Like the mineral olivine
•Large amounts of iron
and magnesium
www.soc.soton.ac.uk
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR
GLOSSARY***
• Earth’s Mantle - the thickest
layer of Earth (2,900 km 0r 1,700
miles!), made of hot rock.
–The top of the mantle is less
dense. It is hard and rigid.
–The lower part of the mantle is
more dense, the rock is hot and
soft. It moves like a paste.
The Composition of
the Earth
N
Core
•Pretty darn big. (6,856 km)
•(Slightly bigger than Mars!)
•33% mass of the Earth
•Scientists think….
•Made mostly of iron
•Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen
•What is the evidence?
•The particular way seismic
waves travel
•Earth’s Magnetic field
S
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR
GLOSSARY***
• Inner Core – a ball of hot, solid,
metals that makes up the center of
the Earth; the densest layer of Earth
– The atoms in Earth’s core are under so much
pressure , and they are pushed so closely
together that they make a solid even though
they are very hot!
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR
GLOSSARY***
• Outer Core- a layer of liquid
metal that surrounds the inner
core.
– The outer core is under a little bit
less pressure than the inner core,
and it is also very hot. So the
metal is a liquid.
The
Structure
of the
Earth
Lithosphere
Solid
Asthenosphere
Viscous Liquid
Outer Core
Liquid
Mesosphere
Solid
Inner Core
Solid
Lithosphere = ‘rock sphere’
Crust and upper rigid part of Mantle
Asthenosphere = ‘weak sphere’
Lower part of Mantle
How HOT is it?
Convection
• Convection (heat) currents
– carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the
cooler outer mantle.
• The mantle gets warmer with depth
• top of the mantle is ~ 1,600° F (870° C)
• bottom of the mantle is ~4,000-6,700° F
(2,200-3,700° C)
• The mantle contains most of the mass of
the Earth