Transcript Ceramics - Laurens 56

Ceramics
Stages of Clay
Reclaimed Clay: The Recycling Process
Hand Building Techniques
Tools
CLAY—
A MOIST EARTH OF
DECOMPOSED ROCK; USED IN
PRODUCTS SUCH AS POTTERY,
BRICKS, TILES, AND
SCULPTURE.
Makes up much of the earth’s crust.
There are many types of clay.
This is the kind we will be using.
WHITE
RED
(stronger)
CLAY
Fired
at 04-06
EARTHENWARE—This
is a low fired clay that
is usually greyish
brown when wet and
white when fired.
SEVEN STAGES OF CLAY
RECYCLED/RECLAIMED CLAY
PLASTIC
LEATHER HARD
BONE-DRY/GREENWARE
FIRST FIRING (BISQUEWARE)
GLAZED
SECOND FIRING (GLAZEDWARE)
RECLAIMED CLAY: The Recycling Process
5 Steps of Reclaiming Clay
Drying and Collecting
Slacking Down
Working Consistency
Wedging and Kneading
Storing
Step 1: Drying and Collecting
Before clay can be
reclaimed it must
be allowed to dry
out completely.
When dry, break
the clay down
into small pieces
and place those
pieces into a large
plastic container.
Step 2: Slaking Down
Cover the dried clay with warm water
and allow the slaking down process to
begin. The water should cover the clay
completely.
Slaking Down—refers to the process of dissolving
dried, unfired clay in water to produce a slip or slurry.
Step 3:
Working Consistency
Spread a thin to thick layer (about 2-3
inches deep) onto an absorbent surface.
Then, flip the clay periodically to even
out the drying. (the clay should pull away
from the surface easily when it is ready
to flip.)
Step 4: Wedging and Kneading
Wedging—is a process used to prepare clay for building; mixes clay
thoroughly and removes air bubbles.
Kneading—is a process used to even out the clay and remove any air
bubbles, which would cause bloating or explosions during firing.
Step 5: Storing Clay
Wedged or Kneaded clay
should be stored in
plastic bags protecting
the clay from any air.
Storing clay for long
periods of time, the
plastic bags should be
place in air tight
containers so you
preserve the clay's
workability.
PLASTIC
This is the workable stage.
The stage where the clay can
be molded, can recycled,
and you can join pieces of
clay together.
WET/RAW CLAY
PLASTICITY- THE QUALITY OF CLAY WHICH
ALLOWS IT TO BE MANIPULATED, SHAPED
MOLDED WITHOUT CRACKING OR CRUMBLING;
WORKABILTY.
LEATHERHARD
THE DAMP BUT STIFFENED STAGE
IN DRYING CLAY. HANDLES AND
OTHER ADDITIONS APPLIED AT
THIS POINT.
The temperature of
the clay will be a cold.
This is the best time
to carve into the
surface of the clay.
GREENWARE/BONE-DRY
GREENWARE- UNFIRED, BUT
DRIED CLAY PIECES.
BONE DRY- UNFIRED CLAY THAT
IS FREE OF WATER, ONLY
CONTAINS THE AMOUNT OF
MOISTURE IN ATMOSPHERE.
Clay will
turn a
greyish
white color.
BISQUEWARE
FIRST FIRING AT LOWER TEMPERATURE TO
MAKE POTS LESS FRAGILE GLAZING; UNGLAZED;
FIRED POTTERY.
Clay will be white.
GLAZED
Glazes can be dipped,
sprayed, and brushed on
thinly.
You don’t paint glazes only
underglazes.
You can glaze all parts of your
ceramic pieces except the
bottom. Glazing the bottom
will cause the piece to stick to
the kiln shelf.
GLAZEDWARE
This time the kiln
heats up to about
1700 degrees.
GLAZE—A COATING OF GLASS WHICH IS FUSED TO THE
SURFACE OF A CLAY BODY DURING THE SECOND
FIRING.
IT SERVES TO PREVENT THE PENETRATION OF
LIQUIDS, PRESENT A GOOD WEARING, EASILY
CLEANED SURFACE, AND DECORATE. CAN BE
SHINY OR MATTE.
PINCH METHOD
The process begins with a ball of
clay. Then, thumbs are pushed
into the center, and then the
walls are created by pinching ,
pulling, and turning the pot.
This is a basic pottery
method often taught
to young children or
beginners.
SLAB METHOD
Slab Building– is a
method of making
pottery in which a
thick, flat plate, or
slice of clay is cut
into shapes and
are joined
together to form
an object. The
joined edges are
scored and slipped
is used.
COIL METHOD
A METHOD OF CREATING POTS BY
BUILDING BOTTOM AND WALLS
WITH EVEN, ROPELIKE COILS.
WHEEL THROWN METHOD
Throwing—is the act
of creating ceramic
pieces on a potter’s
wheel.
A potter’s wheel is a flat
spinning disk that
rotates clay in a circular
motion while the potter
builds ceramic pottery.
Clay Tools
Sponge
Carving
Tool
Wire
Cutter
Loop
Tool
Potter’s Rib
(Wooden—
Non-Flexible)
Potter’s Rib
(Metal—
Flexible)
Potter’s
Needle
Wooden
Tool
Surface Quality
Additive
IS THE
BUILDING UP
OF A SURFACE
TO CREATE A
RAISED AREA.
(USES SCRATCH
AND SLIP)
Subtractive
IS THE REMOVAL OF
MATERIAL TO CREATE A
RECESSED AREA.
(TYPICALLY CREATED
WITH A CARVING
TOOL).
Impression
IS THE PRESSING OF
AN OBJECT INTO CLAY
TO CREATE A TEXTURE
THAT MIMICS THAT
OBJECT.
(TYPICALLY CREATED
BY STAMPING).
Sgraffito
A way to
decorate ceramic
objects
SCRATCHING DESIGNS
ON POTTERY
Underglaze
COLORS THAT CAN BE
PAINTED ON GREENWARE
OR BISQUE THAT WILL
SHOW THROUGH A CLEAR
OVERGLAZE.
Underglazes look
chalky and have
a matte color.
They become
more bright after
adding glaze.
IMPORTANT:
Homework—IS ALWAYS DUE ON FRIDAY NO EXCEPTIONS!!!
Homework points are earned in the following
way:
1. Use a reference to look up a form—always
and forever.
2. Describe what you see (is the artwork nonobjective, abstract, or representative?)
3. Draw the form 3 times (contour line
drawing, value drawing, and color study)
4. Construction breakdown (explain the
processes, techniques, tools, etc. that you
would use to construct this form using clay)