Transcript Restless Earth - The Geographer online

Restless Earth
Year 8 Geography
Learning Objectives
• To understand the Earth’s structure
• To know about the plates that make up the surface of the Earth
How old is the Earth?
The Earth is…
2 million years old
100 million years old
30 million years old
4600 million years old
The layers of the Earth
The layers of the Earth
The core
• The core is mainly made up of
iron, mixed with a little nickel.
•The temperature is 5500oC in the
middle of the core
•The outer core is liquid and is 2220
km thick
•The inner core is solid and is
1260km thick
The layers of the Earth
The mantle
• The mantle forms about half of
the Earth
• It is made of heavier rock
• The top of the mantle is hard but
the rock underneath is hot and soft
like soft toffee.
• It is 2900km thick and the
temperature ranges from 500-900oC
The layers of the Earth
The crust
• The crust is the layer you live on.
•It is a thin layer of rock around the
Earth
•There are two types of crust:
1. Continental crust (where
there is land) which is 30km
thick
2. Oceanic crust (under the sea)
which is 5km thick
Plate tectonics
The structure of the Earth is like an egg:
The Core
Mantle
Earth’s Crust – which is made
up of pieces called tectonic
plates
Plate tectonics
The Earth’s surface is made up of pieces called tectonic plates.
Plates are slabs of the lithosphere – Earth’s crust and upper
mantle
They move because they are dragged along by the powerful
convection currents in the soft hot rock in the mantle.
Plate
Mantle
Plate
Mantle
So what have we learnt?
Let’s play…
Who Wants To Be
A Millionaire?
Geography
Edition
Question 1
How many layers of the
Earth are there?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
How many layers of the
Earth are there?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
£100
Question 2
Which of these is most like
the Earth?
A
B
C
D
Tennis ball
Egg
Apple
Satsuma
Which of these is most like
the Earth?
A
B
C
D
Tennis ball
Egg
Apple
Satsuma
£500
Question 4
Which is the hottest layer
of the Earth?
A
B
C
D
Mantle
Crust
Inner core
Outer core
Which is the hottest layer
of the Earth?
A
B
C
D
Mantle
Crust
Inner core
Outer core
£1000
Question 5
What layer do we live on?
A
B
C
D
Inner core
Mantle
Outer core
Crust
Which layer do we live
on?
A
B
C
D
Inner core
Mantle
Outer core
Crust
£10,000
Question 6
What are tectonic plates?
A Something we eat our dinner on
B Pieces of the Earth’s crust
C Something you stand on in baseball
D The thing a car licence number is printed on
What are tectonic plates?
A Something we eat our dinner on
B Pieces of the Earth’s crust
C Something you stand on in baseball
D The thing a car licence number is printed on
£100,000
Question 7
What tectonic plate do we
live on?
A
B
C
D
Pacific
Antartic
Eurasian
Nazca
What tectonic plate do we
live on?
A
B
C
D
Pacific
Anarctic
Eurasian
Nazca
£1,000,000
Wanted; man for hazardous journey.
Low wages,
intense heat & pressure, long months of darkness &
constant risks.
Return uncertain.
Your mission – Homework: Diary Entry
of a journey to the centre of the Earth
(about 1 side A4)
• It might be a mission impossible, but use
your imagination.
• What would you see on your journey to the
centre of the Earth?
• What would you take with you?
• How would you return?
• How would you deal with the heat &
pressure?
So, some ideas to help you…