Transcript Science, chapter1

Science, Spheres of the
Earth
By: Allison
Lithosphere
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The lithosphere is a rock sphere is the ground that you stand on and
the whole inside of Earth.
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The lithosphere is the crust and upper mantle of our Earth and they
extend about 80 km deep.
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Plate tectonics The lithosphere is broken into giant plates that fit
around the globe like puzzle pieces. These plates move each year as
they slide on top of a somewhat fluid part of the mantle called the
asthenosphere. All the moving rock causes earthquakes.
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Volcanism When the sections of Earth collide one is pushed down
and the other turns into the lithosphere. Then the one that went down
pushes up and burns the lithosphere and the volcano is pushed up
and formed. Then it erupts BOOM.
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Continental Drift When the lithosphere is moving the continents
around.
The asthenosphere carries the lithosphere of the
Earth, including the continents, on its back.
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Hydrosphere
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The hydrosphere consists of water and all the living and nonliving things
in Earth.
It is made up of millions and trillions gallons of water.
There is so much water that it covers all the low spots in Earth.
Water near the equator is warm and light blue. Water temperatures along
the Golf Coast of the United States reach 90 degrees in the summertime,
almost like a warm bath. Water near the North and South Poles are cold
and dark purple. It is cold enough to freeze into icebergs.
Water has different forms and cycles continuously through the
lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
Water evaporates into the atmosphere from land or the sea. Plants and
animals use and reuse water and release water vapor into the air that we
breath. Once the water is in the air it circulates and can condense to form
clouds and precipitation. Then it falls back to Earth. At one time all of the
water molecules on Earth have been in the ocean, a river, a plant, a
cloud, a snowflake, or a glacier!
Atmosphere
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The Atmosphere (air sphere) is the envelope of air that surrounds the whole
Earth.
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The atmosphere is a thin layer of air that is gas.
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The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that
is retained by Earths gravity.
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As you go up higher it will be harder for you to breath because there is more
pressure on your lungs.
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The layers of the atmosphere are the thermosphere, mesosphere,
stratosphere, and the troposphere.
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The atmosphere saves Earth from the sun’s harmful rays and controls the
temperature. It holds the important gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
others that we need so people and plants and other living things can survive.
Biosphere
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The Biosphere consists of all living things: trees, birds,
insects, pets, viruses, and your friends.
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The biosphere extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where the birds
and other animals can be found. It also reaches deep into the ground at a dark
cave or to the bottom of the ocean at the oceans hydrothermal vents.
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The biosphere is the one place where all of the other spheres of the planet
work together with each other.
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Many factors affect the biosphere and our life here on Earth
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The Biosphere is 20 km thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower
atmosphere.
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The Biosphere consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is land on the
surface of the Earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the
Earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up
of the air that surrounds the Earth.
Spheres interaction
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This means one interaction leads to another interaction, which leads to yet
another interaction--it is a ripple effect through the earth's spheres. This is
an example of a Yellowstone forest fire.
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The lithosphere interacts with the Biosphere because decreased vegetation results in
increased soil erosion because there were fewer roots to hold the soil in a place.
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The lithosphere interacts with the hydrosphere by increased erosion of loose soil which
may have led to increased sediment in stream water, making the water muddier.
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The hydrosphere interacts with the Biosphere by ash particles from the fire in the water
that clog up the gills of fish and other aquatic organisms and choke them to death.
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The lithosphere interacts with the atmosphere by ash particles in the air that may have
been carried by the wind and dropped on the ground miles away from the forest fire
changing the pH of the soil.
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The hydrosphere interacts with the atmosphere creating more precipitation in neighboring
areas because ash particles in the air may have become condensation centers upon which
raindrops could form.
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The Biosphere interacts with the atmosphere by the smoke in the air that may have coated
the lungs of all living things on Earth.
This picture shows
what the atmosphere
looks like.
The atmosphere contains
the thermosphere, the
mesosphere, the
stratosphere, the
troposphere, and where
the things that go in the air
can fly to.
The lithosphere is part
of the Oceanic Crust,
the Continental Crust,
the Asthenosphere,
and the upper mantle.
This is a picture of
volcanism, the
volcano is about to
explode.
This is a picture of the water cycle.
The water condenses into the air,
clouds drop rain onto the earth, and
then it condenses into the air again.
This is a picture
of the tectonic
plates.