Transcript Layers Of The Earth

LAYERS OF THE EARTH
By: Wyatt Hunter & Nathan Kindt
LAYERS OF THE EARTH
• The main layers of the Earth are the Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, and
Crust.
• Inner Core- Made of solid Nickel and Iron.
• Outer Core- Liquid layer of core that allows poles to pass through.
• Mantle- Largest layer of semi liquid Earth.
INNER CORE
• The inner core is the densest part of our planet as well as the hottest,
reaching roughly 4,400-6,000 degrees Celsius.
• The dense inner core is made of mainly iron and nickel held together with
the extreme forces of gravity.
• The radius of the inner core is roughly1,220 km.
OUTER CORE
• Unlike the Inner Core, the Outer Core is liquid and swirls around the Inner
Core and creates a magnetic field.
• Although the Inner Core is solid, its counterpart, the Outer Core is not under
the same amount of pressure and is liquid.
• The Outer Core is roughly 2,200 km thick and is between 4,500 and 5,500
degrees Celcius.
MANTLE
• The Earth’s Mantle is mainly solid but is also semi-liquid, as you travel deeper
it turns into more liquid.
• The temperature of the mantle ranges from 1,000 degrees Celsius, at its
boundary, to 3,700 degrees Celsius, at its core.
• The Mantle fill up roughly %84 percent of the Earth’s total volume and
magma erupts through volcanoes and vents due the extreme pressure the
magma is subjected to.
CRUST
• The Crust is the outer most layer as well as the thinnest and is home to all life
on Earth.
• The crust of the Earth is split into many floating plates that drift on the outer
layer of the mantle.
• These plate can meet at three types of boundaries. Convergent, divergent,
and transform boundaries.
• The most well known area where land is continually being repurposed for
crust is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
• The Ridge’s counterpart, The Ring Of Fire, is the area where a plate is
continually being submerged into the mantle.
CRUST (CONTINUED)
• The Crust creates %1 of the Earth’s total mass and is constantly changing
due to continental drift.
• The average temperature of the Crust ranges from 200-400 degrees Celsius
at certain areas.
• The outermost layer of the Earth is the only layer made entirely of hardened
minerals and rocks that extend to 40 km deep.
OCEANIC VS. CONTINENTAL
Oceanic
Continental
• Oceanic crust is mainly based on
basalt minerals.
• Continental crust mainly composed
of types of Granite.
• Extends 5-10 km beneath the
ocean floor.
• The two most abundant minerals in
the crust are Aluminum and Silicate.
• The oldest area of the oceanic crust
is near 270 million years old.
• Although less dense than oceanic
crust, Continental crust extends to
70 km deep.
CONCLUSION
• The super heated Inner Core is composed of mainly iron and nickel and kept
solid due to the extreme gravity it is subjected to and can reach roughly
4,400-6,000 degrees Celsius.
• The second innermost layer, the Outer Core, Is the liquid layer that creates
the magnetic field by swirling around the Outer Core and is between 4,500
and 5,500 degrees Celcius.
• The Mantle is the semi-liquid layer that create the majority of the Earths mass
and allows the crust to float above it and ranges from 1,000 degrees Celsius,
at its boundary, to 3,700 degrees Celsius, at its core.
• The Crust is made of Oceanic and Continental Crust, creates an area for life
to flourish, and makes up roughly %1 of the Earths total mass.
SOURCE
• http://education.nationalgeographic.com/