Transcript Geography Unit 2 © Robin Foster

5 Themes of Geography Poster
Get in groups of 3-4
Choose a place to describe using the 5
themes
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Here’s a list of what you need on your poster.You MAY
include more than this. Be sure to clearly identify which
theme you are describing. Make sure each group
member’s name is on the poster.
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absolute and relative
Climate- describe the characteristics (hot, cold, rainy)
Identify at least 1 physical feature found there
Dominate language spoken there
Ethnicities
Religions practiced there
Types of transportations
Types of agriculture, etc.
Region the place belongs to
Geography Unit 1B
© Robin Foster
The Earth
A Living Planet
Planet Earth Facts
3rd planet from Sun
 93 million miles from sun
 Diameter 8,000 miles at Equator
 Notable
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Mt. Everest 29,028 ft.-highest point
Dead Sea 1,312 ft.-lowest point
Mariana Trench-35,800 ft.-below sea level
Parts of the Earth
Biosphere-part of the earth where life is
found-people, plants and animals
 Hydrosphere-all bodies of water
 Lithosphere-land areas
 Atmosphere-air surrounding earth
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Rotation
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Rotation of the earthcauses day and night
Revolution

The revolution of the
earth around the sun
causes seasons.
Inside the earth
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Core
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Mantle
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Inner-solid, iron/nickel
Outer-1,800 below surface, melted iron/nickel
Dense, hot silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron and
manganese.
Crust
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19-37 miles thick, Huge plate sections of rock that
float on the partially melted layer in the upper mantle.
The Earth’s Structure

Theory of plate tectonics
Continental drift developed in 1912 by Alfred
Wegener.
 Pangea(all earth)-original landmass
 Laurasia and Gondwanaland-two supercontinents
created when Pangea broke up.
 Yes, the continents are always moving and shifting.
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Warm-Up- in your notebook

Briefly describe the make-up of the earth.
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BE SURE YOUR POSSESSIONS ARE PUT
AWAY! SOMEONE STOLE SOMETHING
FROM MY DESK YESTERDAY. . . . . . .This
isn’t up for discussion, just a reminder to
keep your valuables with you, put away, or
at home.
Vocab Quiz # 1
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Choose 5 of the following terms to define AND use in
a sentence that demonstrates you understand the
meaning of the term.
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Functional Region
Perceptual Region
Hemisphere
Atmosphere
Longitude
Parallel
Meridian
Hydrosphere
Hydrologic cycle
Human Environment Interaction
Water
Water
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Bodies of water-without
fresh and salt water, life
would be impossible.
Oceans-71% of planet
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Currents are rivers
flowing through oceans.
Tides-created by gravity.
Wind and ocean
movement distribute
heat of the earth.
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Water
Rivers/lakes/streams hold
95% of the earth’s
freshwater
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Lake Baikal (Siberia)-deepest
lake in the world. Holds
18% of worlds freshwater.
Great Lakes 21% of the
worlds freshwater.
Groundwater
 Water table
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rises and falls depending
on precipitation.
Hydrologic Cycle
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Water cycle
MAP TEST STUDY GUIDE
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Rio Grande
St. Lawrence River 
Great Lakes
Mississippi River
Nile River
Amazon River
Tigris and Euphrates 
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Yellow River
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Gulf of Mexico
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Bay of Bengal
Ganges River
5 oceans
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Arctic
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Southern
North Sea
Sahara Desert
7 continents
Formal
Regions
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Alps Mountains
Andes Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Ural Mountains
Appalachian
Mountains
Finish your mapping assignment. If you finished on Friday, turn
it in and make sure you’ve written questions and summaries
for all your notes from last week.
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When you finish, write
your questions and your
summaries in your
Cornell Notes from last
week.
Then, define the green
terms written on the
side white board. Define
each term, use in a
sentence, and draw a
picture or symbol
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DO NOT PACK UP
EARLY!
EVERYONE HAS
SOMETHING TO DO!
Remembering 9/11
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Answer this question in
your notebook: What, if
anything, do you
remember about that
day?
I know you were young.
Do your best.
Just do what it says!!!
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=-xkTEE19BU&feature=rel
ated

FBI Exhibit
at the
Newseum
in
Washington
D.C.

FBI Exhibit
at
Newseum
in D.C.
FBI Exhibit
FBI Exhibit
Landforms
Landforms- Use a Brace Map to Show
the break down

Landforms affect climate, where people live
and construction.
Landforms are the natural features of the earth’s
surface.
 Continents-division of earth’s surface into 7 large
landmasses.
 There are 4 major types of landforms-mountains,
hills, plateaus and plains
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Primary landforms
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Primary landformsoriginally created
landforms
Secondary Landforms
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Occur due to erosion
of a primary landform.
Landforms

Relief-the difference in elevation between the
highest and lowest point.
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Topography-landform distribution within a
region
Oceanic landforms
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Found in oceans
Continental shelf, midAtlantic ridge,
volcanoes, valleys,
canyons and plains
Landform
Ural Mountains in Russia
Cotahuasi Canyon of Peru
Table Mountain
Mesa in Capetown, South Africa
Arenal Volcano
Costa Rica
Swamp
Louisiana
BAV
Term
Symbol/picture
your definition
use The term in a
sentence
nental
Relief
highest point
Lowest point
Tectonic
Plate
Fault
When plates meet, they cause cracking of the
rock.
 Plates move past each other
at the fault lines.
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Earthquake
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Plates grind and slip past one another causing
the earth to shake and tremble on the surface.
seismograph
“The goal of a seismograph is to accurately
record the motion of the ground during a quake.
If you live in a city, you may have noticed that
buildings sometimes shake when a big truck or a
subway train rolls by. Good seismographs are
therefore isolated and connected to bedrock to
prevent this sort of ‘data pollution.’”http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/question142.htm
topography

the configuration of a surface including its
relief and the position of its natural and manmade features
http://www.iris.edu/seismon/
INTERNAL FORCES AT WORK
Warm-Up
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Describe the types of
plate movement.
The Surface of the earth is always
changing
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Internal and surface forces cause change
Plates
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Rigid moving sections of
the earth’s crust.
Move slightly each year
Volcanic and fault
activity along
boundaries
Plates move in one of 4 ways
Divergent boundary-move apart. Example:
Red Sea getting wider
 Convergent-dive under each other. Example:
Japan
 Collisional-crash into one another. Example:
Indian subcontinent crashing into Asia
 Transformation-Slide past each other. Example:
San Andreas Fault
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Changes to the earth
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Folds-bends in layers of
rock
Faults-breaks in layers
of rock
The hardness of the
rock determines
whether it will fold or
fault.
Mid-oceanic Ridge
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World’s largest and
longest mountain chain
under water.
Volcanoes-cracks in the
earth’s crust. When they
reach the surface,
islands are formed.
Ring of Fire-intense
earthquake, volcano
activity along Pacific
rim.
Earthquakes
Occur along fault movement
 Seismograph/Richter Scale-measure
strength of earthquakes
 1946 Alaska Earthquake caused a
tsunami that killed 149 in Hilo, Hawaii
 Epicenter-focus, where earthquake
begins
Mt. St. Helen’s video.
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Tsunami’s
Giant wave caused by an undersea earthquake
 Japan tsunami-2011, CBS footage
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Tsunami
Read and annotate article
1.
2.
3.
4.
Number paragraphs
Circle any key words
Underline interesting facts or claims of the
author
Choose at least 5 pieces of text for each
article that (for a total of 10) you underlined
to respond to. Make a t-chart on your sheet
of paper. Put text in left box and respond to
text in the right box. Responses include
questioning, commenting, relating to, etc.
Get out your article.
 Write 2 questions you have about each article.
(2 per article for a total of 4)
 These are questions you will present to the
class.
 Students who were absent Last FRIDAY:
Monday is the last day to turn in the Pearl
Mapping Challenge or it will remain a 0 in the
gradebook!!!

Warm-Up
 Come
If
in and sit down quietly!
you are all SILENT when the
bell rings, you may study
SILENTLY for 5 minutes before
the test starts.
MAP TEST DIRECTIONS!!
READ CAREFULLY
Get out a sheet of notebook paper.
 Write your first AND last name on the top right hand
corner.
 Write your class period under your name.
 Title your paper “Map Test # 1”
 Number your paper 1-35
 Write the LETTER of the correct answer for each #
 DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST! THEY ARE A CLASS SET!

 STAY SILENT
during the test. ANY COMMUNICATION
WHATSOEVER will result in you receiving a ZERO!!!!!!!
EXTERNAL FORCES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg
1. What is the Declaration of Independence?
FREEDOM WEEK
Read Pg. 42-45- As you read take notes using
a bubble map- you have 25 minutes before we
discuss
1. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL
WEATHERING?
2. WHAT TYPE OF SECONDARY
LANDFORMS CAN EXTERNAL FORCES
CREATE?
Weathering
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Creates sediment
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Chemical-results when water dissolves some
of the chemicals in the rocks causing them to
disintegrate
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Mechanical or physical-process that breaks
rocks into pieces. Does not change
composition of the rocks
Erosion
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Wearing away of the Earth’s surface. Occurs
by means of wind, flowing water, glaciers and
gravity
Wind
Movement of dust, sand and soil.
 Example loess-deposits of windblown silt and
clay sediment.
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Dust storm
Water
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Water-as water flows downstream it cuts into
the land, wearing away the rock and soil.
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Example-deltas
Glaciers
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Two types
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Sheet-large sheets of ice, a
blanket of ice
Mountain-rivers of ice,
erosion occurs as the
move
Glaciation-the changing of
landforms slowly by
moving glaciers.
Moraine-rocks left behind
by a melting glacier that
create a ridge or hill
Soil –what you call dirt
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1.
2.
Weathering and erosion
help to create soil
Humus-organic
material in the soil
Texture, humus, air and
water in soil
contribute to the
fertility of the soil.
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Soil factors
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Parent material-rocks
Relief-steep slops do not
produce soil quickly
Organisms-plant and
animal matter in soil
Climate-hot/cold,
wet/dry
Time-2.5 cubic
centimeters produced
per century
Warm-Up
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ANSWER IN YOUR
NOTEBOOK!
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Why is it important to
celebrate freedom
week?
Soils and Vegetation
Ecosystem-an interdependent community of
plants and animals
 Biome-an ecosystem within a region
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Get an orange book. Use pg 99-100 to
complete the following chart.
Biome Name
Vegetation
Draw a small
What types of
pic to represent
plants, trees, etc.? this biome.
What’s it like?
High Latitude
(near poles), low
latitude (near
equator), or
middle
latitudes (in
between)?
Example of a
country (NOT
THE US) that has
this biome.
Climate zones
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Tropical zone-warm all
year long
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Temperate zone-4
distinct seasons
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Polar zone-cold all year
long.
Biomes of the World Map
World Biomes
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Forestlands-Deciduousoak, maple
Rainforest-thick lush
vegetation-teak,
mahogany
Coniferous-pine trees
Grasslands
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Savanna-treeless plains.
Steppe-temperate
grasslands in South
America know as
Pampas
Desert
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Cacti, sagebrush, plants
that can live with
limited water.
Tundra
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Mosses, lichens, little
plant life
Warm-Up- get out your notebook! Sit
quietly
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We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal, that they are endowed by their
creator with certain inalienable rights, that among
these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
That to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed; that whenever
any government becomes destructive of these ends
it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it,
and to institute new government…”
-Thomas Jefferson, July 4, 1776
Things to know!
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GPS- Global Positioning
system. Uses lat and long
to determine location,
create routes, etc.
International Date
Line= 180˚ Longitude
which separates 2
consecutive calendar days
GIS- Geographic
Information Systems is a
database with geographic
data used for many
purposes. Ex: Google Earth
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Landsat- series of
satellites in space used to
photograph parts of the
earth. Can track weather
Contiguous- the 48
touching states.
Human Impact

Explain how where
people live affects
how they exist (live)
and their impact on
the environment.
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Use what you’ve learned
in class to thoroughly
answer this question.
You have 5 minutes to
write.