Transcript 3:01 AM on 17 August 1999 near the Sea of Marmara

Location and map of region
Tectonic activities
Mechanism of earthquake
Damage
Risks
Map of Turkey
Location/Time of EQ:
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A warm and humid evening made sleep difficult, so
many people were still up at 3:01 A.M. on 17 August
1999 near the Sea of Marmara in the industrial
heartland of Turkey.
Description of the disaster:
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A ball of flame rising out of the sea, a loud explosion,
sinking land along the shoreline, and a big wave of
water.
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The world's longest and best studied strike-slip
(horizontal motion) fault.
A big rupture moved along the North Anatolian fault as
a magnitude 7.4 earthquake.
Fault rupture 120 km (75 mile) the south side of the
fault moving westward up to 5 m (16.5 ft)
Several weeks later, after evening prayers for Muslims,
a segment of the North Anatolian fault to the east
ruptured in a 7.1 magnitude earthquake
As the Arabian Plate pushed farther into
Eurasia, Turkey is forced to move westward
and slowly rotate clockwise in escape
tectonics.
 Turkey (Anatolian Plate)
Is squeezed westward like
a watermelon seed
from between the fingers.
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Fig. 4-38, p.86
Fig. 4-39, p.86
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The two devastating events combined to kill
over 19,000 people and cause an estimated
$20 billion in damages.
Fig. 4-40, p.87
Fig. 4-41, p.87
Fig. 4-42, p.87
Fig. 3-32, p.52
Fig. 3-33, p.52
Fig. 4-43, p.87
Liquefaction is a type of ground failure in which water
saturated sediment turns from a solid to a liquid as a result of
shaking, often caused by an earthquake or even a volcanic
eruption.
The intense shaking causes the strength of the soil to become
weak and the sand and water begin to flow.
The surface rupture of the
earthquake.
The ground surface was tore apart,
forming a complex scar, called
mole-track.
Earthquake Killed at least 15,000 people
injured nearly 25,000, left 200,000 homeless
Displaced 600,000, according to estimates in
the local emergency response report report.
Damage were between 10 and 40 billion dollars
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1. Bad buildings collapsed
2. Industrial growth and boom in housing
construction.
3. Buildings were built on top of soft, shaky
ground and some building contractors cut
costs by increasing the percentage of sand
in their concrete causing it to crumble during
the ground shaking.
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The fault keep moving to the west
It gets close to Istanbul
62 % (+/- 15) probability
The next big one will likely occur near Istanbul
(13 mill people!)
http://www.npagroup.co.uk/insar/Izmit_earthquake.pdf
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2000/c1193/c1193.pdf