Transcript Grand Challenges

Constructing Activities Based
on “Grand Challenges”
Michael Wysession
Washington University
St. Louis, MO
Many recent efforts at compiling the Geoscience “Big
Ideas” to help improve general geoscience literacy
The Earth Science Literacy “Big Ideas:”
1. Earth scientists use repeatable observations and testable ideas to
understand and explain our planet.
2. Earth is 4.6 billion years old.
3. Earth is a complex system of interacting rock, water, air and life.
4. Earth is continuously changing.
5. Earth is the water planet.
6. Life evolves on a dynamic Earth and continuously modifies Earth.
7. Humans depend on Earth for resources.
8. Natural hazards pose risks to humans.
9. Big Idea #9: Humans significantly alter the Earth.
What purpose do they serve?
Nine “Big Ideas” and 75
Supporting Concepts
The Framework for new K-12
National Science Standards
A Framework for K-12 Science Education Standards
The Framework for new K-12
National Science Standards
The Next Generation Science
Standards
The SGT “Big Ideas:”
The SGT “Big Ideas:”
What purpose do they serve?
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
1. Earth’s Habitable
Surface: A
2. How Does the Near-Surface
Consequence of the
Environment Affect Natural
Planet’s Interior
Hazards and Resources?
2. The Magnetic Field,
3. What is the Relationship
Earth’s Core, and the
Between Stress and Strain
Deep Mantle
in the Lithosphere?
1. How do Faults Slip?
4. How Do Processes in the
Ocean and Atmosphere
Interact With the Solid
Earth?
3. The Third Dimension
of Plate Tectonics
5. Where Are Water and
Hydrocarbons Hidden
Beneath the Surface?
5. What Physical
Processes Control
Earthquakes?
4. Other Planets, Other
Interiors
6. How Do Magmas Ascend
and Erupt?
6. How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
7. What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary?
7. What are the
Mechanics of
Magmatic Systems?
8. How Do Plate Boundary
Systems Evolve?
9. How Do Temperature and
Composition Variations
Control Mantle and Core
Convection?
10. How Are Earth’s Internal
Boundaries Affected by
Dynamics?
11. Education and Outreach
8. Education and
Outreach
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE/TEC
TONICS
1. Imaging the Crust
and Lithosphere
1. Will the Global
Population Have
Enough Water to
Sustain Itself?
1. Surface – Deep
Crust
Connections
2. Active Deformation
3. Continental Evolution
Through Time
4. Deep Earth Structure
and Dynamics
5. Earthquakes, Faults,
and the Rheology of
the Lithosphere
6. Magmas and
Volatiles in the Crust
and Mantle
2. How Will Earth
Change as Sea
Level Rises?
3. How Do Earth’s
Glaciers and Ice
Sheets Change on
Timescales of
Months to
Decades to
Centuries?
2. Strain and Strain
Rates
3. Geodesy,
Geodynamics,
and Structural
Geology
4. Faults,
Earthquakes,
and Structures
5. Rheology
7. Topography and
Tectonics: Elucidating
Time-Space Patterns
of Lithospheric
Deformation
4. How Do Tectonic
Plates Deform?
6. Chemistry and
Deformation
5. What Physical
Processes Control
Earthquakes?
7. Climate
8. Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere, and
Atmosphere
6. How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
9. Earthquake, Tsunami,
Volcano, and
Landslide Hazards
7. What are the
Mechanics of
Magmatic
Systems?
10. Education and
Outreach
8. Education and
Outreach
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
1. Earth’s Habitable
Surface: A
2. How Does the Near-Surface
Consequence of the
Environment Affect Natural
Planet’s Interior
Hazards and Resources?
2. The Magnetic Field,
3. What is the Relationship
Earth’s Core, and the
Between Stress and Strain
Deep Mantle
in the Lithosphere?
1. How do Faults Slip?
4. How Do Processes in the
Ocean and Atmosphere
Interact With the Solid
Earth?
3. The Third Dimension
of Plate Tectonics
5. Where Are Water and
Hydrocarbons Hidden
Beneath the Surface?
5. What Physical
Processes Control
Earthquakes?
4. Other Planets, Other
Interiors
6. How Do Magmas Ascend
and Erupt?
6. How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
7. What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary?
7. What are the
Mechanics of
Magmatic Systems?
8. How Do Plate Boundary
Systems Evolve?
9. How Do Temperature and
Composition Variations
Control Mantle and Core
Convection?
10. How Are Earth’s Internal
Boundaries Affected by
Dynamics?
11. Education and Outreach
8. Education and
Outreach
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE/TEC
TONICS
1. Imaging the Crust
and Lithosphere
1. Will the Global
Population Have
Enough Water to
Sustain Itself?
1. Surface – Deep
Crust
Connections
2. Active Deformation
3. Continental Evolution
Through Time
4. Deep Earth Structure
and Dynamics
5. Earthquakes, Faults,
and the Rheology of
the Lithosphere
6. Magmas and
Volatiles in the Crust
and Mantle
2. How Will Earth
Change as Sea
Level Rises?
3. How Do Earth’s
Glaciers and Ice
Sheets Change on
Timescales of
Months to
Decades to
Centuries?
2. Strain and Strain
Rates
3. Geodesy,
Geodynamics,
and Structural
Geology
4. Faults,
Earthquakes,
and Structures
5. Rheology
7. Topography and
Tectonics: Elucidating
Time-Space Patterns
of Lithospheric
Deformation
4. How Do Tectonic
Plates Deform?
6. Chemistry and
Deformation
5. What Physical
Processes Control
Earthquakes?
7. Climate
8. Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere, and
Atmosphere
6. How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
9. Earthquake, Tsunami,
Volcano, and
Landslide Hazards
7. What are the
Mechanics of
Magmatic
Systems?
10. Education and
Outreach
8. Education and
Outreach
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
How do Faults Slip?
What Physical Processes Earthquakes, Faults,
Control Earthquakes?
How Does the Near-Surface
Environment Affect Natural
Hazards and Resources?
Where Are Water and
Hydrocarbons?
How Do Plate Boundary
Systems Evolve?
Earth’s Habitable
Surface: A
Consequence of the
Planet’s Interior
What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary?
How Do Magmas Ascend and
Erupt?
What are the Mechanics
of Magmatic
Systems?
How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
What is the Relationship
Between Stress and Strain
in the Lithosphere?
How Do Processes in the
Ocean and Atmosphere
Interact With Solid Earth?
How Do T & X Variations
Control Mantle/Core
Convection?
How Are Earth’s Internal
Boundaries Affected by
Dynamics?
EARTHSCOPE
Earthquake, Tsunami,
Volcano, and
Landslide Hazards
Active Deformation
Topography/Tectonics:
Lithos. Deformation
Imaging the Crust and
Lithosphere
Magmas and Volatiles
in Crust and Mantle
Continental Evolution
Through Time
Rheology of the
Lithosphere
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE/TEC
TONICS
What Physical
Processes Control
Earthquakes?
Will the Global
Population Have
Enough Water to
Sustain Itself?
Faults,
Earthquakes,
and Structures
How Do Tectonic
Plates Deform?
Chemistry and
Deformation
Surface/Deep Crust
Connections
What are Mechanics
of Magmatic Sys?
How Does Earth’s
Surface Evolve?
Geodesy, Geodyn,
&Structural Geo
Rheology
Strain and Strain
Rates
Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere, and
Atmosphere
The Magnetic Field,
Earth’s Core, and the
Deep Mantle
The Third Dimension of
Plate Tectonics
Other Planets, Other
Interiors
Deep Earth Structure
and Dynamics
How Will Earth
Change as Sea
Level Rises?
How Do Glaciers/Ice
Sheets Change?
Climate
SGT
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
1. Earthquake
Processes
How do Faults
Slip?
What Physical
Earthquakes,
Processes
Faults,
Control
Earthquakes?
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
What Physical
Processes
Control
Earthquakes?
Faults,
Earthquakes,
and
Structures
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
How Does the
Earth’s
Earthquake,
Near-Surface
Habitable
Tsunami,
Environment
Surface: A
Volcano, and
Affect Natural
Consequence
Landslide
Hazards and
of the Planet’s
Hazards
Resources?
Interior
Where Are Water
and
Hydrocarbons?
UNAVCO
Will the Global
Population
Have Enough
Water to
Sustain Itself?
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
SEISMOLOGY
How Do Plate
Boundary
Systems
Evolve?
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
Active
How Do Tectonic Chemistry and
Deformation
Plates Deform?
Deformation
Topography/Tecto
nics:
Lithospheric
Deformation
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
SEISMOLOGY
What is the
LithosphereAsthenosphere
Boundary?
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
Imaging the Crust
and
Lithosphere
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
Surface/Deep
Crust
Connections
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
How Do Magmas What are the
Ascend and
Mechanics of
Erupt?
Magmatic
Systems?
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
Magmas and
Volatiles in
Crust and
Mantle
What are
Mechanics of
Magmatic Sys?
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
How Does
Earth’s
Surface
Evolve?
Continental
Evolution
Through Time
How Does
Geodesy,
Earth’s Surface
Geodynamics,
Evolve?
and Structural
Geo
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
7. Rheology
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
Rheology of the
Lithosphere
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
Rheology
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain,
and Strain
Rates
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
What is the
Relationship
Between Stress
and Strain in the
Lithosphere?
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
Strain and
Strain Rates
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain,
and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
SEISMOLOGY
How Do
Processes in
the Ocean and
Atmosphere
Interact With
Solid Earth?
COMPRES
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere,
and
Atmosphere
How Will Earth
Climate
Change as Sea
Level Rises?
How Do
Glaciers/Ice
Sheets
Change?
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain,
and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth
Structure and
Dynamics
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
How Do T & X
The Magnetic
Variations
Field, Earth’s
Control
Core, and the
Mantle/Core
Deep Mantle
Convection?
The Third
How Are Earth’s
Dimension of
Internal
Plate
Boundaries
Tectonics
Affected by
Dynamics?
EARTHSCOPE
Deep Earth
Structure and
Dynamics
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
SGT
1. Earthquake
Processes
2. Hazards and
Resources
3. Active Tectonics
4. Lithosphere
Structure
5. Magmatic
Processes
6. Surface
Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain,
and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere,
Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth
Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
SEISMOLOGY
COMPRES
Other Planets,
Other Interiors
EARTHSCOPE
UNAVCO
STRUCTURE
/TECTONICS
COMBINED
New Research Opportunities in the Earth
Sciences (NROES)
1. Earthquake Processes
1. The Early Earth
2. Hazards and Resources
3. Active Tectonics
2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and
Volatile Distribution
4. Lithosphere Structure
3. Faulting and Deformation Processes
5. Magmatic Processes
4. Interactions among Climate, Surface
Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth
Processes
6. Surface Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain, and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and
Climate
6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem
Response to Natural and Anthropogenic
Change
7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in
Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of
Global Change
8. Recent Advances in Geochronology
COMBINED
New Research Opportunities in the Earth
Sciences (NROES)
1. Earthquake Processes
1. The Early Earth
2. Hazards and Resources
3. Active Tectonics
2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and
Volatile Distribution
4. Lithosphere Structure
3. Faulting and Deformation Processes
5. Magmatic Processes
4. Interactions among Climate, Surface
Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth
Processes
6. Surface Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain, and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and
Climate
6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem
Response to Natural and Anthropogenic
Change
7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in
Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of
Global Change
8. Recent Advances in Geochronology
COMBINED
New Research Opportunities in the Earth
Sciences (NROES)
1. Earthquake Processes
1. The Early Earth
2. Hazards and Resources
3. Active Tectonics
2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and
Volatile Distribution
4. Lithosphere Structure
3. Faulting and Deformation Processes
5. Magmatic Processes
4. Interactions among Climate, Surface
Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth
Processes
6. Surface Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain, and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and
Climate
6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem
Response to Natural and Anthropogenic
Change
7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in
Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of
Global Change
8. Recent Advances in Geochronology
COMBINED
New Research Opportunities in the Earth
Sciences (NROES)
1. Earthquake Processes
1. The Early Earth
2. Hazards and Resources
3. Active Tectonics
2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and
Volatile Distribution
4. Lithosphere Structure
3. Faulting and Deformation Processes
5. Magmatic Processes
4. Interactions among Climate, Surface
Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth
Processes
6. Surface Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain, and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and
Climate
6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem
Response to Natural and Anthropogenic
Change
7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in
Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of
Global Change
8. Recent Advances in Geochronology
COMBINED
New Research Opportunities in the Earth
Sciences (NROES)
1. Earthquake Processes
1. The Early Earth
2. Hazards and Resources
3. Active Tectonics
2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and
Volatile Distribution
4. Lithosphere Structure
3. Faulting and Deformation Processes
5. Magmatic Processes
4. Interactions among Climate, Surface
Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth
Processes
6. Surface Evolution
7. Rheology
8. Stress, Strain, and Strain
Rates
9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere,
Atmosphere
10. Deep Earth Structure and
Dynamics
11. Other Planets
5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and
Climate
6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem
Response to Natural and Anthropogenic
Change
7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in
Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of
Global Change
8. Recent Advances in Geochronology
Geodesy
Tectonics
Structural
Geology
Rheology
Geophysics
Mineral
Physics
What are the “Practices” that
can bring out these “Big
Ideas” at a college level?
 Asking Questions and Defining
Problems
 Developing and Using Models
 Planning and Carrying Out
Investigations
 Analyzing and Interpreting Data
 Using Mathematics and
Computational Thinking
 Constructing Explanations and
Designing Solutions
 Engaging in Argument from
Evidence
 Obtaining, Evaluating, and
Communicating Information
What are the “Practices” that
can bring out these “Big
Ideas” at a college level?
 Asking Questions and Defining
Problems
 Developing and Using Models
 Planning and Carrying Out
Investigations
 Analyzing and Interpreting Data
 Using Mathematics and
Computational Thinking
 Constructing Explanations and
Designing Solutions
 Engaging in Argument from
Evidence
 Obtaining, Evaluating, and
Communicating Information