Transcript Oil
Formation of Oil 1. Crude oil is found in the Earth’s crust 2. It was formed from the remains of sea creatures that lived millions of years ago 3. It is a fossil fuel Formation of Oil Finding Oil Crude Oil 1. Crude oil contains a mixture of hydrocarbons 2. Hydrocarbons have different lengths and therefore different boiling points 3. They can be separated by fractional distillation 4. Each fraction is put to a different use depending on the properties of the hydrocarbon Crude Oil Distillation Fractional Distillation Hydrocarbons 1. A hydrocarbon is a molecule which contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only 2. The longer the carbon chain the; • Higher the boiling point • Less volatile it is • More viscous it is • More flammable it is Comparing hydrocarbons Alkanes 1. Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all carbon atoms are bonded by single covalent bonds 2. Alkanes are said to be saturated 3. The alkanes are named according to the number of carbon atoms (methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.) 4. Alkanes do not turn bromine water colourless Alkanes Cracking 1. Hydrocarbons with long chains have limited use due to their lack of flammability 2. Large hydrocarbons can be broken down (cracked) into smaller, more useful substances 3. This process uses heat and a catalyst 4. It is a type of thermal decomposition reaction Cracking Cracking Alkenes 1. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond 2. Alkenes are said to be unsaturated 3. Alkenes can be identified using bromine water. The yellow-brown bromine water goes colourless. Alkenes Alkenes Polymers 1. Alkenes are reactive and are called monomers 2. Monomers (e.g. ethene) can react together to form polymers (e.g. poly(ethene)) 3. This process is called polymerisation 4. Addition polymerisation has taken place if no other products are made 5. Plastics are polymers Polymerisation Uses of Plastics 1. Poly(ethene) is used for making plastic bags and bottles 2. Poly(propene) is used for making crates and ropes 3. Most plastics are not biodegradable – they cannot be broken down by microorganisms. They can lead to problems with waste disposal Uses of Plastics Design a molecule Wordsearch Quiz