Transcript Earthquake Review

Earthquake/Volcano Review
Review #1
• Cause
– Plates move together
– Friction build up
– Mantle melts
• Effect
– Collide – new landforms
(mountains, volcanoes,
trenches)
– Slide – no new land
– Separate – creates a ridge
(Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
#2 Risks
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Death
Sinking/collapse of home
Loss of possession
Fire
Structural damage
Building cracks
#3 Seismogram
• Richmond: 10:10 – 10:11
• City farthest: Honolulu, because the pwave reached them much later than the first
reading.
• P-wave
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#5 P-wave & S-wave
Push/pull
1st vertical jump
Travels fastest
Through the body of the earth
Cannot travel through solids, but can liquids
• S-wave
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Side-to-side
through the body of the earth
Cannot travel through liquids or solids
Most destructive
• Surface wave
– Side-to-side
– Along the surface
#8 Plate movement
• Slide – Transform fault boundary
• Collide – Convergent plate boundary
• Separate – Divergent plate boundary
#9
#10 Mountains
• Plates collide
– 2 of same densities
– 2 continentals
• Plates separate
– Melted rock flows to surface & rises
#11 What’s happening to the
Plate
• Mid-Atlantic Ridge
– Separating plates
• Himalayan Mtns.
– colliding
• Japan Trench
– 2 different density plates are colliding
– Oceanic sinking below a continental
#12 San Andreas Fault
• Sliding apart
• Wallace creek is changing path
• Why do earthquakes occur along a fault?
– Force (friction) is building up & eventually
ruptures (earthquake)
#13
Layers
of Earth
#14
• Scientist know the inside of the earth is
made of layers by the way earthquake
waves move
#15 Supercontinent
• Continents looked like a giant puzzle
• Fossils (plants/animals) found on separate
continents
• Lines along boundaries matched up
What do scientists think caused this?
Seafloor Spreading – which led to the Plate
Tectonic Theory
#1 & #2 Magma vs Lava
• Magma is the molten rock beneath the
earth’s surface; Intrusive Igneous rock
• Lava is the magma that has reached the
earth’s surface; Extrusive Igneous rock
• It rises to the surface because of the
pressure from expanding gasses, movement
of the plates and convection in the mantle
#4 Viscosity
• Highly (more) viscous = slow moving lava
• Lowly (less) viscous = fast/runny lava
#6 Volcano Types
• Composite – highly viscous, slow-moving
lava; steep sided
• Cinder cone – blew top; violent
• Shield – lowly viscous, fast flowing lava;
wide & flat
#7
• Temperature and composition affect the
viscosity of a liquid.
• High temperatures create a lower viscosity
liquid that will move faster.
#8 Challenges
• Risk factor
• # of people at risk
• # of possible deaths
#9 Rocks
Types of
Igneous Rock
Classification
Texture
Crystal Size
Granite
Intrusive
Coarse
Large
Basalt
Extrusive
Fine
Small
Rhyolite
Extrusive
Fine
Small and Large
Gabbro
Intrusive
Coarse
Peridotite
Intrusive
Coarse
Minerals/
Color
Quartz (white),
Feldspar (light
pink), Mica
(black)
Where in the
Earth it’s found
Continental crust
Feldspar/Iron/Ma
gnesium
(black/gray),
Olivine (green),
Mica (black)
Feldspar (light
pink), Mica
(black)
Feldspar
(black/gray),
Olivine (green),
Mica (black)
Oceanic Crust
Olivine (green)
Earth’s mantle
Continental
Crust
Oceanic Crust
How it is
formed
Deep within the
earth at or near
colliding
mountain
building
Along mid-ocean
ridges as lava
flows on the
earth’s surface.
Cooled quickly
Near volcanoes
that border
trenches.
Within the earth
as large bodies
or sheets of
cooled intruding
magma
#11 Effects of volcanic eruptions
• Constructive – new landforms, minerals to
the soil, geothermal energy
• Destructive – contamination; fires;
destruction of property; death
#14
• Earthquakes almost always occur before a
volcano erupts because the movement of
magma and pressure is about to be released
by the volcano.
#15 What You’ve Learned
Type of Catastrophic
Event
Where it happens?
Why it happened?
Tornadoes
Tornado Alley
Warm, moist air rises
from the gulf and meets
cold, dry air from the
Rockies and Canada head
on.
Hurricanes
Tropical waters
Warm, moist air rises
over tropical waters
Earthquakes
Along plate boundaries
Plates collide, slide &
separate
Volcanoes
Readings
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Earth’s Interior
Colliding, Sliding & Separating
Earthquakes & Faults
Earth’s Moving Plates: A Look Back
Using sonar to map
Volcanoes: Help or Hindrance?
Volcano Types
Earth’s Waterworks
Rock Cycle
To Help study
• NOTEBOOK
– NOTES
– LAB Conclusions
– VOCAB