Transcript When the Earth`s crust is under tension, what type

Dissolved gases trapped
in the magma
What provides the force that
causes magma to erupt to the
surface?
faster
Compared to surface waves,
P waves and S waves move
_______
S waves
Which type of seismic wave
can only travel through
solids?
Moment magnitude scale
What is the name of the rating
system that measures the total
energy released by an
earthquake?
The Pacific and North
American plates meet
Why is the risk of earhquakes
so high along the Pacific coast
of the United States?
Ground movements
caused by seismic waves
What does a seismograph
record?
The Pacific and North
American plates meet
Why is the risk of earhquakes
so high along the Pacific coast
of the United States?
base-isolated building
A building designed to reduce the
amount of energy that reaches
the building during an
earthquake
Hot spring
Groundwater is heated by
magma, rises to the surface,
and collects in a natural pool
Damage to buildings and
other structures
What causes most
earthquake-related deaths
and injuries?
Ash in the air and
poisonous gases
What is dangerous about an
explosive volcanic eruption?
basin
When plate movements cause
the crust to warp or bend
downward, a ____ is formed
habitat
This provides an organism
with food, water, and shelter
Molten lava flows
What is dangerous about a
quiet volcanic eruption?
dormant
When a volcano is not currently
errupting, but may erupt again
some time in the distant future
A new island will form as the
Pacific plate drifts over the
hot spot
What do scientists predict
about the Hawaiian Islands?
Volcanic neck
When magma hardens in a
volcano’s pipe, the result will
eventually be a landform called
Sea-floor spreading
The process in which magma
erupts at a spreading boundary
along the ocean floor, resulting
in new crust
pahoehoe
Fast moving, hot lava is
called
silica
This is the substance found in
magma that determines if a
volcano will have a quiet
eruption or an explosive eruption
shearing
Stress that pushes a mass of
rock in two opposite
directions
stress
A force that acts upon rock to
change its shape or volume
P waves
Which type of seismic wave
arrives first, and compresses
and expands the ground?
focus
The point beneath Earth’s
surface, where rock breaks under
stress and triggers an
earthquake
asthenosphere
Where do convection
current’s flow inside the
Earth?
Away from the focus, in
all directions
How do seismic waves carry
the energy of an earthquake?
tsunami
Giant wave of water caused
by an earthquake
Drop, cover, and hold
What is the best way to
protect yourself in an
earthquake?
Hypothesis of continental
drift
Alfred Wegener believed that all
the continents were once joined
together in a single landmass.
This is know as the
abiotic
Plants use sunlight, carbon
dioxide, and water to carry out
photosynthesis. These are all
________ factors.
mantle
This is a layer of hot rock,
found below the crust
In all of Earth’s oceans
Where are mid-ocean ridges
found?
The youngest rocks are
found closest to the midocean ridges
Where are the youngest rocks
on the sea-floor found?
Normal fault
When the Earth’s crust is
under tension, what type of
fault will occur?
Composite volcano
This is a tall cone-shaped
mountain with layers of lava
alternating with layers of ash
pipe
What is the long tube in the
ground that connects the magma
chamber to Earth’s surface?
Shield volcano
A wide, gently-sloping
mountain, built up from
repeated lava flows
Cinder cone volcano
When ash, cinders, and bombs
build up in a steep pile around a
volcano’s vent, the result is a
aftershock
What can cause damage days
or months after a large
earthquake?
subduction
When an oceanic plate collides
with a continental plate, the
process in which the oceanic
plate sinks beneath the other
plate is called