Transcript 58 Earth Review Power Point 2011

Earth Science
Review
1. Draw and label the 4 major
layers of the Earth.
• Which layer is the densest layer?
inner core
• Least dense?
crust
2. What are four pieces of evidence that
support the Plate Tectonic theory?
1.
The continents look
like they “fit”
together like puzzle
pieces.
5. Matching coal deposits
found on continents that
are oceans apart.
2. Similar fossils of
plants and animals
6. Matching mountain
have been found on
continents that are
ranges found on
oceans apart.
continents that are
3. The same types of
oceans apart.
rocks and minerals
have been found on
continents that are
7. Similar Glacier deposits
oceans apart.
on different continents
4. Magnetic orientation
of rocks on the ocean
that are oceans apart.
floor.
3. Why is the oceanic crust more
dense, yet thinner than the
continental crust?
• Oceanic crust is more dense due to the
amount of water pushing down on it
from above. Almost all of the oxygen is
squeezed out of it so it is more dense.
• Remember…the Earth’s crust is mostly
made up of 46% Oxygen!
4. Describe the difference between the
outer and inner core of the Earth.
• Outer core is liquid metal(magma is
found here) . It is less dense than the
core and only 11,000 oF.
• It is only 1,400 miles thick
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•
•
•
Inner core is 800 miles thick
Hottest layer (about 13,000 oF)
made of solid metal (iron and nickel)
Lots of pressure and radiation here!
5. Laurasia, Gondwanaland and
Pangaea were all examples of
super continents that existed
millions of years ago.
6. Why is the center of the Earth
so hot?
• Radioactive isotopes are breaking
down and decaying, which give off
a tremendous amount of energy in
the form of heat!
7. Explain what the difference is
between the Solar Nebula Theory
and the Big Bang Theory.
• The Solar Nebula Theory explains how
our solar system was formed from gas
and dust particles in large nebulas.
• The Big Bang Theory explains how the
whole universe was formed from a single
massive explosion that continues to
makes the universe expand today.
8. Label the picture according to
the correct plate boundary.
A.
A. Transform fault
B.
B. Divergent
9a.Which geological formation(s) form at examples A,B?
A. Small earthquakes, tremors, and fault lines form
B. Sea floor spreading, Mid-oceanic ridges, Islands
and Volcanoes form
9a. Which geological formation(s)
form at examples C and D?
C.
D.
C. Convergent D. Convergent with subduction
C. large mountains
D. Volcanoes, Small Mountains, and Deep
Oceanic Trenches
10. Which type of plate boundary has the
most violent volcanoes?
Convergent boundaries with subduction
zones.
11. This area encircles the entire Pacific
Plate. The largest earthquakes, volcanoes and
tsunami’s occur here.
Pacific Ring of Fire
12. What are the most abundant elements in
Oxygen 46.1 %
our crust?
Silicon 28.2 %
Aluminum 8.23 %
Iron 5.63 %
Calcium 4.15 %
13. Mauna Loa is an example of a Shield
volcano because of its quiet
eruptions and gentle slopes.
14. What are three reasons why humans
would never be able to reach the center
of the Earth?
• Too much heat!
• Too much pressure!
• Too much radiation!
15. What makes magma viscous?
• Lava is about 50% Silicon and Silicon is
what makes lava thick and have a high
viscosity.
• So the more silicon you have in lava the
more explosive the eruptions will be in a
volcano.
16. What is a lahar, and why are
they so dangerous?
• Lahars are mudflows formed by the
mixing of volcanic particles and water.
• Carry large boulders and logs down the
side of a volcanoes.
• Can easily crush or shear off anything in
its path!
17. What is happening to the size of
the Atlantic Ocean and what is
causing this to happen?
• The Atlantic Ocean is getting larger due
to the sea floor spreading at the MidAtlantic Ridge, which is a Divergent
boundary.
18. What are some gases that are
released from volcanoes? Circle
which gas is released the most!
• Water Vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide
(H2S).
19. What are the most common
elements found in the Earth’s
Atmosphere?
• Nitrogen 78.1 %
• Oxygen 20.9 %
• Argon 0.96 %
20. Which volcanic danger causes the
most casualties and destruction in third
world cities and why is it so dangerous?
• Volcanic Ash
• Can cause houses and buildings to
collapse.
• People and animals may die from lack of
oxygen.
21. What are two types of lava and what’s
the difference between the two?
• Pahoehoe lava is runny and fast moving (up to 50
km/h). Has high iron content.
• Aa flows are chunky and slow moving lava flows
• Has a high silica content
• These types of lava are examples of…
Igneous rock.
22. What are the most common elements
found in the Earth’s oceans?
• Oxygen 85.84 %
• Hydrogen 10.82 %
• Chlorine 1.94 %
• Sodium 1.08 %
• Magnesium 0.1292 %
23. A marble counter top was form
under a tremendous amount of heat
and pressure as it changed, so it
must be a… metamorphic rock.
24. Alternating layers of cinders,
lava and ash make up the
composition of… composite volcanoes.
Trans form fault
Alps
Rockies
Appalachian
Himalayan
Mts.
Convergent
w/o Sub
Convergent w/ Sub
Andes
Mts.
26. Three examples of fossil fuels are coal,
oil and natural gas.
Are these renewable or non-renewable and
why? They are non-renewable resources
because they can not be made again
quickly. They take millions of years to be
formed.
27. These rocks form when rocks are
weathered and eroded over time and then
are cemented together to form a
sedimentary rock.
28. Seismographs are used to detect
Earthquakes.
29. Sea Floor spreading happens in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean, so it must
be from a Divergent plate boundary.
30. These short lived volcanoes are the most
dangerous! Cinder Cone Volcanoes are the
most dangerous and explosive.
Good Luck on the
quiz, so
let’s Git-R-Done!
Scantron Directions
(Pencil Only)
•
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•
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Name
• June 8,2011
Mr. Madigan • Class (leave blank)
DTHS
• Period 7-8
Earth Science
Fill in Student ID Number
(No stray marks)