Transcript The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Inside Earth
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Layers of the Earth—Questions I
• What is the approximate temperature of the core?
• What happens with temperature and pressure as you
descend towards the core?
• Why is the inner core solid and the outer core liquid?
• What do geologists use to study the inside of the earth?
• What is the source of heat inside the earth?
• Compare basalt and granite.
• What is the difference between the lithosphere and the
crust?
Heat Transfer
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Heat transfer is the movement of heat
from a warmer place to a cooler place.
Three Types
1. Conduction – through solids
2. Radiation – through empty space
3. Convection – through liquids
Theory of Continental Drift
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Alfred Wegener – 1910 (Pangea)
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Evidence for Theory
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The “fit” of the continents –like a puzzle!
Similar landforms on different continents
Similar fossils on different continents
Different climates on the same continent
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Problem – Wegener couldn’t explain how the
continents were able to move.
Sea-Floor Spreading
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Harry Hess 1960’s Evidence for
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Molten Material found by “Alvin” at the mid-ocean
ridge (pillow lava)
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Magnetic Stripes – Iron Particles show poles reversals
creating similar pattern on both sides of the M-O-R
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Drilling samples – Showed that rock nearest the M-O-R
is younger than rock further away.
Theory of Plate Tectonics
(pulled it all together)
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Tuzo Wilson 1965
Convection currents carry the plates
Identified 3 types of plate boundaries
1. Convergent Aleutian Islands, Andes, Himalayas, Mariana Trench
2. Divergent Mid-Ocean Ridge, East African Rift Valley
3. Transform San Andreas Fault
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Hawaiian Islands – An island chain formed in the middle of a plate over
a hot spot!!
Skills and Questions II
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Draw, title and label the 4 diagrams – Andes, Himalayas, Aleutian
Islands and Mid-Ocean Ridge
Describe the movement of heat from the inner core to outer space.
Why is it important to know that the asthenosphere is under the
lithosphere?
Locate the 8 “wonders” of plate tectonics on a world map.
Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the formation of the
Aleutian and Hawaiian Islands.
How did the ideas of Wegener and Hess help Tuzo Wilson form the
current Theory of Plate Tectonics?
USE CCM to convert 72 eggs to dozens!!
The Big Eight
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Himalayan Mountains
Andes Mountains
San Andreas Fault
Great Rift Valley
Aleutian Islands
Hawaiian Islands
Mariana Trench
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Additional Vocabulary
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island arc
island chain
Alvin
absolute zero
radioactive decay
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Spring Equinox
Declination
23.50
Jacque Cousteau
SCUBA
Tonga Islands
Suggested Study
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Use Flash cards to review vocabulary (key terms page 49).
Re-read Chapter 1
Go over pictures, embedded questions within pictures
and Review questions at the end of each section.
Review Cornell Notes, quizzes, handouts and journal –
go over these with a highlighter.
Complete review section on pages 50 and 51.
Review with a friend or parent.