Transcript Second Semester Final Review

Second Semester Final
Review
©2005 LikeScience.com
A mile or so below you there are
large pieces of the Earth’s crust
known as
__________________.
Plates
Plates move and float on a river
of ______________ in the
Earth’s _______________.
Magma, mantle
Where these plates break a
______________ will form.
fault
At ______________ plate
boundaries ___________ forces
cause reverse faults to form.
Convergent, compression
At transform plate boundaries
__________ forces cause
__________ faults to form.
Shearing, strike-slip
Lastly, as tension forces act on
the plates at
___________________ plate
boundaries, __________ faults
form.
Divergent, normal
As plates interact they
sometimes produce large
vibrations known as
__________.
earthquakes
The _________ is the location
under the ground where the
energy of the vibrations was
released.
focus
The point on the surface directly
above this location is known as
the ____________.
epicenter
_____________, scientist who
study earthquakes use
instruments called
_______________ to measure
the vibrations caused by
earthquakes.
Seismologist, seismograph
The first wave of energy released
by an earthquake is a
_______________ wave.
primary
Primary waves travel in a
_________ motion.
Up and down
Second to arrive at the
_________ station is the
____________ wave.
Seismic, secondary
Secondary waves travel in a
__________ motion
Back and forth
The seismic wave that causes
the most damage is the
________________ wave.
surface
The Earth has an endless
supply of resources.
false
What is the carrying
capacity?
How much the Earth's resources
can support.
What will happen to Earth’s
resources if they are wasted?
They will be gone.
Does the population use more or
less resources than 200 years
ago?
more
Define population.
Number of species in an area.
What was the global
population in 1996?
5.7 billion
What is a population
explosion?
A rapid increase in population.
What happens when a region
does not have enough food?
The animals migrate or starve.
Why has the population of
Earth increased so rapidly?
Better medicines and Technology.
Why have births increased?
Americans are having more
babies.
What is the estimated world
population for this century?
14 billion
How much garbage does the
average person produce in 75
years?
47,000 kgs
How much water does an
average person consume in 75
years?
163 million liters
What is the population density
of a region?
population divided by area
How do fuels impact the
environment?
Burning them produces pollution
An area where magma from deep
within the mantle melts through
the crust is called a(n)
hot spot
Volcanoes in both the Andes and
the mountains of the Pacific
Northwest formed from collisions
between
an oceanic plate and a continental
plate
The volcanoes that form the Ring
of Fire around the Pacific Ocean
are the result of
subducting plates
Magma first forms in
the asthenosphere
Which sequence describes the
movement of magma from inside
a volcano to the surface?
magma chamber, pipe, vent
Eruptions of high-silica lava
may produce a
shield volcano
Groundwater heated by
magma forms a(n)
hot spring
Wide, gently sloping mountains
formed by low-silica lava flows
are called
shield volcanoes
A mass of rock that forms when a
large body of magma cools inside
the crust is called a
batholith
Dikes are formed when
magma enter a vertical crack and
hardens
A mountain that forms when
layers of lava and ash erupt
volcano
Hot spots, such as the one that
formed Hawaii, can occur at
locations far from plate
boundaries
One factor that determines
whether a volcano eruption will
be quiet or explosive is ____.
the amount of water vapor and
other gases trapped in the
magma.
Magma rises to Earth’s surface
because it is ____than
surrounding rock.
less dense
Magma that squeezes into
horizontal cracks and hardens
forms a______
sill
Magma that squeezes into
vertical cracks and hardens
forms a____
dike
The largest intrusive igneous
rock body is a
batholith
If the magma chamber below a
volcano collapses, a
_____forms.
caldera
An area where magma melts
through the crust in the middle of
a plate is called a(n)
hot spot
Inside a volcano, magma
collects in a pocket called a
magma chamber
Which factor does not affect
how thick or thin magma is?
its silica content
Volcanic soils are fertile
because they contain
potassium and phosphorus
Layers of thin, runny lava that
flow over a wide area before they
cool and harden can build up a
lava plateau
A volcano that is erupting or has
shown signs that it may erupt in
the future is called
dormant
What is a vertical landform
formed from magma that
hardens?
dike
All volcanic material is the
same size
False
Today people are never killed
by volcanic eruptions.
False
Volcanoes can form on the
ocean floor
true
There is no relationship between
plate tectonics and volcanoes.
false
Kilauea in Hawaii releases
tremendous amounts of gas.
True
Gas trapped in magma under
high pressure can cause
explosive eruptions.
True
Layer of atmosphere where
weather, clouds, and smog occur
Troposphere
Force of air determined by
temperature and distance above
sea level
Air pressure
Naturally occurring gas in the
stratosphere that is considered a
pollutant in the lower atmosphere
ozone
Layer of the thermosphere that
has a high concentration of
electrically
charged particles
ionosphere
Most common gas in the
atmosphere
Nitrogen
Layer of atmosphere that
includes the ozone layer
stratosphere
Type of pollution that can be
formed by car exhaust and
burning coal
or oil
smog
Layer of atmosphere between the
thermosphere and space
exosphere
____ makes up from 0 to 4
percent of the atmosphere.
Other Gases
The____ contains 75 percent of
the atmospheric gases.
Troposphere
The division of Earth’s
atmosphere into layers is based
on_________ differences.
temperature
Cold air is denser than warm air
and, therefore, has higher ____.
mass
_____ is the only substance that
exists as a solid, liquid, and gas
in
Earth’s atmosphere.
Water Vapor
The____ is the source of all
energy in our atmosphere.
Sun
When Earth
receives this energy, some
energy escapes back into
____
Space
The balance among these three
help the atmosphere support
Life
Energy reaches Earth in the
form of radiant energy, or
radiation
Radiation is the transfer of
energy by
Waves
The present state of the
atmosphere is the__ .
Weather
______is the amount of water
vapor in the air.
Density
Air is_________ when it is
holding all the moisture it can at a
certain
temperature.
Saturated
The temperature at which air is
saturated and condensation
begins is the
Dew Point
amount of water vapor in air
compared to the
amount of water vapor air can
hold at a certain temperature.
Relative
A is an instrument that measures
relative humidity.
Psychromometer
When millions of tiny drops of
water around dust particles form
from condensed humid air, a
____forms.
Cloud
A stratus cloud that forms near
the ground is .
Fog
Water droplets that become too
heavy to remain suspended in
the air fall out of the clouds as
.
Precipitation
______forms when water drops
freeze in layers around small
nuclei
of ice.
Hail
Water drops that fall when the
temperature is above freezing fall
as .
Rain
Water drops that fall when the
temperature is below freezing fall
as .
Snow
When snow passes through
warm air, melts, and refreezes
near the ground, it becomes
Sleet
The boundary between two air
masses?
Front
When a cold mass of air
overtakes a warm mass of air?
Cold Front
When two cold masses of air
over take a warm mass of air?
Occluded front
High pressure system normally
mean what type of weather?
Warm , clear
A low pressure system normally
mean what type of weather?
Cloudy weather
The turning of air masses from
their original paths because of
Earth’s
rotation
Coriolis Effect
What is Mr. G’s Son’s name?
Tucker
How old is Mr. G.?
30