Transcript Seismic/Eruption Classroom Teaching Strategies Connections to

Seismic/Eruption
Teaching Modules
Lawrence W. Braile
Sheryl J. Braile
http://www.eas.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/svintro/svintro.htm
Teaching About
Earthquakes and
Volcanoes
Using the
Seismic/Eruption
Computer Program
CSTA, Pasadena
Larry Braile
Seismic/Eruption
Seismic/Eruption includes up-to-date earthquake and volcanic
eruption catalogs and allows the user to display earthquake
and volcanic eruption activity in “speeded up real time” on
global, regional or local maps that also show the topography of
the area in a shaded relief
map image.
Seismic/Eruption is an
interactive program that
includes a number of tools
that allow the user to
analyze earthquake and
volcanic eruption data and
produce effective displays
to illustrate seismicity and
volcano patterns. This ppt:
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/new/SeisVolE2010CSTA.ppt
Seismic/Eruption Features
1. View earthquakes and eruptions, select
range of dates, magnitudes, color code depth
2. Use standard views provided with program to
explore areas and tectonic settings
3. Update earthquake locations from Internet
4. “Make Your Own Map” option
5. Display/add shaded relief topography
6. Make cross-section diagrams and 3-D views
7. Select earthquake data for statistical analysis
8. Save views, export images, make posters
Mini-Poster
(created with
Seismic/Eruption
with some labeling
added to exported
map image) of
California and
Nevada
Earthquakes.
Poster size
~25x28 cm (or
larger) after color
photocopy
enlargement.
Demonstration of some features
and capabilities of the
Seismic/Eruption software:
Seismic/Eruption
Classroom
Teaching Strategies
Connections to other activities/lessons
“Teachable Moment”
Student Presentations – “Commercial”,
Travel Brochure
Student Research Projects/Questions
Science Fair Projects
Seismic Waves
Connections to other
activities/lessons
Plate Tectonics
Seismographs
Plate Puzzle
Earth Structure
Earthquake Location
Bay Area Earthquakes
Bay Area Earthquakes
Seismic-Eruption
“Make your own map”
option
USGS SIM 2848
“Teachable Moment”
Within hours after the
February 28, 2001
Nisqually earthquake
(large blue dot near
Olympia), this map
illustrating the historical
seismicity of the Pacific
Northwest was produced.
A cross-section was
prepared showing the
earthquakes in the white
rectangle.
“Teachable Moment”
This cross section diagram (vertical axis is depth in km) created
using Seismic/Eruption illustrates the plate tectonic setting of the
Pacific Northwest and the Nisqually earthquake (white dot).
Coast
Olympic
Puget Sound
Mountains
Area
Approximate boundaries of the upper
(seismogenic) part of the subducted slab (Juan
de Fuca plate)
Student Presentations –
“Commercial”
Earthquake map of Utah
created with the “Make Your
Own Map” feature of
Seismic/Eruption
Assign students to select a
state, region or country and
prepare a commercial (with
visual aids) encouraging people
to visit their area. The
commercial should provide
information on the plate
tectonic, earthquake and
volcano “attractions” of the area
and the history of these events.
Appropriate attention should be
given to hazard awareness and
safety – “what to do in case of
an earthquake”, etc.
Student
Presentations –
Travel Brochure
Science Fair Projects –
Extensive Research
Kuril and Kamchatka
Earthquakes and
Volcanoes
Eq and Volc.
Statistics
EQ CrossSection
Student Research Projects/Questions
Magnitude of earthquake is controlled by fault length that ruptures
(data
for diagram
generated
Seismic/Eruption program)
Magnitude
versus
Faultusing
Length
Magnitude versus fault length
10000
Fault Length (km)
Alaska, 1964
Sumatra, 2004
1000
Denali, 2002
Landers, 1992
100
Loma Prieta, 1989
Northridge, 1994
10
6
7
8
Magnitude
9
10
Magnitude versus
fault length
(determined from
aftershock zone
length) for various
earthquakes (Alaska,
1964; Sumatra, 2004;
Denali, 2002;
Landers, 1992; Loma
Prieta, 1989;
Northridge, 1994,
etc.). Results were
quickly obtained using
Seismic/Eruption
views.
Student Research
Projects/Questions
After a
significant
earthquake,
how long will
the aftershocks
last?
How large are
the aftershocks
likely to be?
(Feb. 3, 1965,
M8.7 Rat
Island, Alaska,
earthquake)
Research on Earthquakes
Frequency of earthquakes
Worldwide earthquakes per year (from USGS):
Descriptor
Magnitude
Average Annually
Great
8 and higher
1¹
Major
7 - 7.9
17 ²
Strong
6 - 6.9
134 ²
Moderate
5 - 5.9
1319 ²
Light
4 - 4.9
13,000 (est.)
Minor
3 - 3.9
130,000 (est.)
Very Minor
2 - 2.9
1,300,000 (est.)
¹ Based on observations since 1900.
² Based on observations since 1990.
Worldwide earthquakes per year:
Worldwide earthquakes per year:
How many M6+
earthquakes
each year?
6
Worldwide earthquakes per year:
How many M6+
earthquakes
each year?
~150
6
Research on Earthquakes
Comparison of Frequency Magnitude Plots
Number of Earthquakes Greater
than or Equal to M 1960 - 2003
10000
Japan
Alaska
Pacific NW
N. California
S. California
New Madrid
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
Magnitude (M)
Research on Earthquakes
Comparison of Frequency Magnitude Plots
Number of Earthquakes Greater
than or Equal to M 1960 - 2003
10000
Japan
Alaska
Pacific NW
N. California
S. California
New Madrid
1000
100
10
1
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
Magnitude (M)