Transcript Plate Tectonics Test Review

Plate Tectonics Test Review
Label the different layers of the earth and
explain the importance of each layer
• Crust: Solid,
made of basalt
or granite
• Mantle:
– Lithosphere:
Solid. Plates
– Asthenosphere:
Liquid,
convection
currents
• Outer Core:
Molten material
• Inner Core: Solid
nickel and iron
What is the difference between
Basalt and Granite?
Granite
Basalt
What is the difference between the
Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere?
Both are in the mantle, but….
1. Lithosphere: Solid
and are where the
plates are
2. Asthenosphere: More
Liquid and where
convection currents
happen
What is the difference between the
outer core and the inner core?
• Outer Core:
Molten material
• Inner Core:
Solid nickel
and iron
How does temperature and pressure
relate to the layers of the earth?
• As you go deeper into the earth, the
pressure and the temperature both
increase
What are Convection Currents?
Where are they located in the layers of the earth?
What do they cause?
Heat
Becomes
cool
Heat
rising
Coolness
sinking
Heat
source
• Convention currents
in the mantle, cause
the lithosphere
(bottom of the crust)
to move
• This causes the crust
of the earth to move
around
What is Pangaea?
• Wegener’s
hypothesis; all
continents had once
been joined together
in a single land mass
and have since
drifted apart
What is the evidence for Pangaea?
• Fossil Evidence of
plants and animals
• Glacier evidence
• Coal
Deposits/Mountain
evidence
• Puzzle Fit of
continents
Who came up with Pangaea?
Wegener
How does Pangaea relate to
Continental Drift?
• Continental Drift: Wegener’s idea that the
continents slowly moved over Earth’s
surfaces causing Pangaea to break apart
Why did people not believe Wegners theory
of Pangaea and Continental Drift?
Because Wegner could not identify the
cause of continental drift or why the
continents broke apart
What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge?
• Mid Ocean Ridge: longest chain of
mountains in the world under the oceans.
What is Sea Floor Spreading? What is
the evidence that it is occurring?
• Sea Floor Spreading: the process by
which molten material adds new oceanic
crust to the seafloor
Evidence
1. molten material
2. magnetic stripes
3. drilling samples
How do subduction and trenches
relate to one another?
Subduction causes a trench to
form
Who came up with Sea Floor
Spreading?
Harry Hess
Label
Mid-Ocean
Ridge
Trench
Volcano
Subduction
Magma
Magnetic
Strips
Sea floor
spreading
Label
Oldest
Crust
Newest
Crust
Lithosphere
Basalt
Asthenosphere
Granite
Draw
New crust forms here
What are Plates?
• The lithosphere is broken into separate
sections called plates
What are faults?
• Faults: breaks
in the earth’s
crust
• Faults are
formed along
plate
boundaries
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Transform
Boundary
Motion
Sliding past one
another
Effect
Earthquakes
Topography
None created
Volcanic
Activity
None
Picture
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Divergent
Boundary
Motion
Spreading
Effect
Oceanic
Lithosphere
created
Topography
Ridge or Rift
valley
(Mid ocean
ridge)
Volcanic
Activity
Yes – lava
pours out the
cracks in the
ocean floor
Picture
Draw this!
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Convergent
Boundary
Motion
Subduction
Effect
Oceanic
Lithosphere
destroyed
Topography
Trench
Volcanic
Activity
Yes – as the plate
submerges, it
melts and can
can rise back up
to the surface as
lava
Picture
How does density of plates relate
to plate tectonics and subduction?
The plate that is more dense will go under
(subduct) the other plate.
What is a Hot Spot?
• Area where magma rises upwards and
erupts in the middle of a plate
Oldest
Island
Youngest
Island
Plate moving this way
Hot Spot
Use the map to explain the relationship between
volcanoes/earthquakes and plate boundaries.
• Earthquakes and volcanoes occur on plate
boundaries