Transcript Layers of the Earth (Density`s affect on Earth)

Layers of the Earth
And Atmosphere
Density’s affect on Earth
I. Layers of The Earth—Inside Out”
The Inner Core
B. The Outer Core
C. The Mantle
D. The Crust
A.
Layer
Size
Inner
Core
Outer
Core
State of
Matter
Compostition
(what its made of)
Density Temperature
1300 Km Solid
Thick
Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or
steel
11.5
g/cm³
5000-6000ºC
2250 Km Liquid
Thick
Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or
steel
10.5
g/cm³
2200-5000ºC
Mantle
2900 Km Putty-like
Thick
Solid
Mostly:
1. Silicon
2. Oxygen
3. Iron (7.8 g/cm3)
4. Magnesium (1.7 g/cm3)
4.4
g/cm³
870-2200ºC
Crust
8-32 Km
Thick
2.7
g/cm³
0-100ºC
Solid Rock Made of most of the
elements—most common:
1. Oxygen 46%--(1.4
g/cm3)
2. Silicon 27%--(2.3 g/cm3)
3. Aluminum 8%--(2.7
g/cm3)
II. Inner Core
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A. Solid
B. Composition: Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel
C. Size: 1300 Km Radius
D. Temperature: 5,000 – 6000° C
E. Average Density: 11.5 g/cm3
F. Earths Core— creates a magnetic field
around the earth (magnetosphere).
 Van Allen Belts: Magnetism burning up UV radiation from sun
III. Outer Core
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A. Liquid
B. Composition: Iron and Nickel
C. Size: 2250 Km thick
D. Temperature: 2200-5000ºC
E. Average Density: 10.5 g/ml
IV. The Mantle
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A. Putty-Like Solid
B. Composition: Mostly Silicon (Si--2.3 g/cm3),
Oxygen (O---1.4 g/cm3), Iron (Fe--- 7.8 g/cm3), and
Magnesium (Mg--- 1.7 g/cm3).
C. Size: 2900 Km thick
D. Temperature: 870-2200ºC
E. Average Density: 4.4 g/cm3
F. Forces in the Mantle: Convection Currents
cause movement in the crust—Earthquakes
and Volcanoes.
V. Crust
• A. About 8-32 Kilometers Thick.
 B. Temperature between about 0-100 C.
 C. Solid Rock.
 D. Composed of most of the elements known to man—
most common Oxygen 46%, Silicon 27%, and
Aluminum 8%
G. Composed of Tectonic Plates
Tectonic Plates
VI. Hydrosphere:
A. The Oceans, Lakes, Glaciers, and clouds on top of the
earth’s crust.
B. The average density is 1 g/ml.
Earths Atmosphere: Lowest to highest
Layers
Properties
Temperature Altitude
Troposphere
17 to -52° C
14.5 Km
Stratosphere
Around -3° C
50 Km
Mesosphere
Around -93° C 85 Km
Thermosphere
Around
1,727° C
600 Km
VII. Atmosphere
 A. Composition: 78%
Nitrogen and 21 %
Oxygen. The rest is
Carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and other trace
gases.
B. Layers:
 1. Troposphere: The lowest layer where we
live. Clouds and weather form here. 14.5
Km high and temp is
17 to -52° C.
 2. Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer
(molecules of three Oxygen atoms) which
burns up deadly rays from
the sun.
Goes to about 50Km high and temp is
around -3° C.
Layers Cont.
 3. Mesosphere: Goes to 85 Km. Temp -93°C.
It is the coldest layer. It is also the layer in
which meteors
burn up.
 4. Thermosphere: The hottest layer of the
atmosphere—up to 1,727°C it extends to 600
Km high.
VIII. Properties
A) The higher you go the less
dense.
B) The higher you go the less
pressure.