Transcript Resource 3 - Relief Patterns

Level 2 Geography
Thurs 28th Feb
DO NOW:
1. Draw a word square for each of the following
words:
WORD:
Rain shadow
Sentence using the word
Definition
Image
- An area that is sheltered
from rainfall
The rain shadow is on the eastern
side of the mountain ranges in NZ.
Homework for Week 5:
Skills – pg48
Due: Friday 29th Feb
No essay practice this week.
Climatic Patterns and Processes
Learning Intention:
To be able to describe how different
landforms are created
How are these natural features created?
Task:
Listen to the natural process
described so you can re-write it in
your own words and provide a
labelled diagram.
Tectonic Processes
Earth’s crust covers
the globe – even
under the ocean.
The earth’s crust sits on top of the mantle which is full of
hot liquid magma. The magma is heated when close to
the core and then cools as it heads towards the surface.
As the magma rises it cools and therefore heads towards
the surface again. This is process is called convection
currents.
The convection currents move the earth’s crust – and so
the continents “float on top of the mantle”.
This enables continental drift
Permian
225 million yrs ago
Jurassic
150 million yrs ago
Present Day
Triassic
200 million yrs ago
Cretaceous
65 million yrs ago
Task:
1. Discuss what tectonic processes are
so far
2. Re-write it in your own words
3. Draw an annotated diagram of the
processes so far
Task:
Listen to the natural process
described so you can re-write it in
your own words and provide a
labelled diagram.
Tectonic plate movement and landforms
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/world_map.html
- is a website that show a more detailed version of the plate
Diverging Plate Movement – when the
plates are moving away from each other
Diverging Plate in
reality
- The land area of the
mid-Atlantic Ridge
Thingvellier Fissure Zone
3 plates
moving away
from each
other. Some
say this could
create the
next major
ocean – in a
few million
years!
Rift zone – essentially a fissure
Task:
1. Discuss what a diverging plate
boundary is and where it occurs
2. Re-write it in your own words
3. Draw an annotated diagram of the
processes so far
Task:
Listen to the natural process
described so you can re-write it in
your own words and provide a
labelled diagram.
Converging Plate movements – when the
plates are moving towards each other
Oceanic meets continental
- Oceanic is heavier – so it subducts
under the continental plate
- creates volcanoes
Click here to
see how an
eruption is
made
through this
process
Oceanic meets oceanic
- buckles as they push together. The
heavier eventually subducts.
- Creates volcanoes
Continental meets continental
- plates collide and fight to push each
other up
- Creates mountain ranges
e
Two continents collide
Plate boundary through the Himalyas
Task:
1. Discuss what a converging plate
boundary is and where they occur
2. Re-write it in your own words
3. Draw an annotated diagram of the
processes so far
Task:
Listen to the natural process
described so you can re-write it in
your own words and provide a
labelled diagram.
Transform/Lateral movements – when the
plates slide past each other (up or sideways)
Massive fault lines
that move past
each other.
Task:
1. Discuss what a lateral and transform
plate boundaries are and where they
occur
2. Re-write it in your own words
3. Draw an annotated diagram of the
processes so far
Hot spots
New Zealand’s hot spot - Auckland
So tectonic processes create
mountains, volcanoes,
fautlines, fissures…
What creates flat land?
Fluvial Processes
Processes to do with rivers
Erosion – when sediment is worn down and away
Transportation – when sediment is transported to
another place
Deposition – when sediment is deposited somewhere
Click on the links to take you to animations of these processes
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html
Volcanic Processes
What do we know about these?
- Magma rises with the convection currents through
weaknesses in the crust.
- Magma sits in a magma chamber.
- Magma mixes with water – this creates pressure.
When the pressure is too much, the magma rises to
the surface of the earth’s crust and explodes – BOOM
we have an eruption.
Volcanic Landforms – click on the link to see images
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html
Reflection
• Have you achieved today’s Learning
Intention?
Learning Intention:
To be able to describe how different landforms are created
• Write down any questions that you have
from today’s lesson.
• In your groups, work out the question
you can’t answer.
• What are tectonic processes?
Answer: Tectonic processes are the processes that move the
earth’s crust. They involve convection currents, continental drift,
earthquakes, volcanic eruption. Tectonic processes is a theory that
suggests that the earth’s crust is divided up into sections and the
convections currents cause the tectonic plates to move in different
directions, creating different plate boundary movements eg.
Diverging, converging, lateral/transform boundaries.
•Why is the PACIFIC plate subducting in a different
direction to other plates eg the NAZCA plate?
Answer: Plates move according to the convection currents – so where
some move east, others will move north. Around NZ the Pacific plate is
moving to the West and subducts under the Australsia plate. However
the NAZCA plate moves to the east thus creating a diverging boundary
along the NAZCA/PACIFIC intersection. The NAZCA plate then subducts
under the SOUTH AMERICAN plate – toward the West – the opposite to
the subduction direction of the PACIFIC plate.
NAZCA
PACIFIC
STH AMERICAN
Interaction
Diagram
The more
fertile the soil,
the better the
vegetation
Weather elements erode relief features
Vegetation
The higher the elevation the colder the climate
Relief
Climate
The more
vegetation, the
more soil
there is
Soil
Just some
ideas…
Thanks to the following websites for these images:
- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html
- http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~donovan/geol101/animationindexmh.htm
This site is an absolute must see – the animations
are awesome!!!