Transcript TERMİK SANTRALLER - Webdesign DieAndere

K.T.M.M.O.B.
Union of the Chambers of Cyprus Turkish Engineers and Architects
CHAMBER OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
Ayşe TOKEL
President
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• The most important way of
meeting energy demand in
the world.
• Today it governs the
economy.
• It is an important factor for
the human development
and a modern life.
ENERGY RESOURCES
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Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewable
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RESOURCES USED IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY
GENERATION IN THE WORLD
HYDRO;
6.30%
NUCLEAR;
6.00%
OTHER; 0.90%
CRUDE OIL;
36.80%
COAL;
26.60%
NATURAL GAS;
23.40%
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
• Each country uses a
different mix of
resources to produce
electricity.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• In a thermal power
station the prime mover
(turbine) is steam driven.
• Heated water turns into
steam and moves a
steam turbine which in
turn drives an electrical
alternator.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• Thermal power plants
are widely used around
the world to supply a
majority of the energy
demand.
• Thermal Power Plants
consume fossil fuel
(e.g. coal, fuel oil or
gas)
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• In north part of Cyprus, electrical
energy is generated using
thermal power plants.
• This is the only source to cover
electricity demand for the time
being in the northern part of the
island.
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THERMAL POWER PLANTS
• Thermal Power Plants have negative impacts on the
environment, such as ;
Heat produced in Thermal Power Plants are released to
the environment.
The cooling effect that is done with the water around the
plant results in an increase of temperature of the
surrounding water.
Thermal Power Plants cause acid rains.
There is a high level emission of greenhouse gases.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
• Nuclear power is generated
from controlled nuclear
reactions using radioactive
materials, like uranium.
• Nuclear power plants use
nuclear fussion techniques.
• Electric utility reactors heat
water to produce steam,
which is then used to
generate electricity.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
• Nuclear power plants that
do not function properly
may cause fatal problems
like in Chernobyl.
• In this environmental
disaster, tons of radioactive
waste material was
released to the
atmosphere.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
• No nuclear power plant is 100%
secure. This is why it needs to
be under the control of experts
so a high level of safety
measures have to be taken.
• The radioactive waste, which is
harmful to the environment,
needs to be under observation
for many years, and has to be
kept in a safe way to make sure
that it does not contaminate the
nature.
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HYDROELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS
• Hydroelectrical power plants
utilise the energy in falling water
and convert it into electricity.
• A simple mechanism is used for
this process. Water is directed to
channels for free fall.
• The flowing water turns the
turbines and they rotate the
coupled alternators and
electricity is generated.
HYDROELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS
• Hydroelectrical
power plants with a
reasonable design
criteria are built on
the rivers in the
areas with adequate
rain.
• Sufficient slope for
water fall is needed.
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GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
• Geothermal source is the accumulated heat within the earth’s
crust. The presence of this accumulated heat at various depths
of the earth’s crust, heats up the existing water resources
to high temperatures.
As a consequence steam
and gasses are released.
• Geothermal energy can be
utilized either direct or with
in-direct means.
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GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
• Electrical energy can be generated where the temperatures
of the geothermal liquids reache 2000 degrees celsius or
higher.
• As a general trend in the
world, generation of electrical
energy from geothermal
resources are increasing
every day.
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SOLAR POWER PLANTS
• Solar power plants convert
the energy particles in the
sun light to electrical
energy.
• Photovoltaic cells are used
in large dimensions at solar
power stations.
• The materials like crystal
silicium and gallium
arsenite are used in the
production of these
photovoltaic cells.
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WIND POWER PLANTS
• Wind power plants are used
to generate electicity out of
blowing winds.
• The wind blows on the rotary
wings of the system and
rotates the shaft which is
coupled to an alternator.
• This in turn, generates the
electrical energy.
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GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY IN
CYPRUS
• The most commonly used resource for generation of
electricity in Cyprus is fuel oil.
• Considering the negatives of this kind of production, new
power stations need
to use alternative
resources that are
more
environmental
friendly.
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The urgent need to invest in
renewable resources in our country
 Existing sustainable energy
resources in Cyprus:
 Sun
 Wind
 These can play a
supplementary role to the
base load production
 Have zero “fuel cost”
 And are more
environmental friendly
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“Every house is a potential power station”
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CONCLUSION
 A balanced mix of energy resources need to be used in
electricity production
 Alternative sustainable energy resources need to be part
of electricity production in our country
 This urgently requires the modification of the appropriate laws
on the subject
 Energy Efficiency regulations need to be in place in order
to help the “Demand Side”
 Reduction in electricity consumption means reduction in
production which ultimately helps the environment
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K.T.M.M.O.B.
Union of the Chambers of Cyprus Turkish Engineers and Architects
CHAMBER OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
Thank you for your attention
Ayşe TOKEL
President
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