Transcript faults
Warm-up Write your warm-up on a sheet of paper that you will hand in. Put your name on it!!!!!!!!! We will add more to this sheet later on in class, so hang on to it. Question 1: What is a tsunami? Refer to your book on page 230. Question 2: What are the three types of faults? SHAKE TABLE OF DOOM YOU’RE IN TROUBLE!!!! • BEFORE THE SHAKE – Group tells class HOW IT IS SUPPOSED TO WORK. • DURING THE SHAKE – Observe • AFTER THE SHAKE – Class gives constructive and polite comments on what was good and what could have been improved upon. Earthquake Shelter Final Questions Answer each in 3 complete sentences. Put your name and block on the paper. You don’t have to write the question. 15 minutes. Hand in to front black box when done and start writing your notes on a separate sheet of paper. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How did your design work out? What went right or wrong? How was your house SUPPOSED to resist the earthquake? What was the hardest part about this assignment? Did your team work well together? Rank each member of your team on a scale of 1-5. If you had unlimited resources, what would you do differently? What would your ideal shelter look like? Can scientists PREDICT (exactly) when an earthquake is going to happen? Why is this so important? What might be a simple way to make a city or community a LITTLE safer from earthquakes? Volcanoes • A volcano is mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material • It is formed from convergent or divergent plate boundaries Plate boundaries Volcanoes can be caused by convergent boundaries, in which plate subduction forces magma to the surface. They are also formed by divergent boundaries because as plates move apart, magma rises to fill the gap. Faults • Break in the Earth’s crust Normal When the hanging wall drops down. Reverse Strike-slip When Walls move hanging wall sideways moves up. Creates forces that pull the sides apart Caused by divergent boundary. Creates compression al forces. Caused by convergent boundary. Horizontal forces Caused by transform boundary. What are the three types of seismic waves? • Primary waves (P waves) • Secondary Waves (S waves) • Surface waves (L waves) Describe a P wave. • Travel the fastest • Travel solids, liquids, and gases • Move through the Earth at different speeds, depending on the density • Called “push-pull” waves (compress and expand the ground like an accordion) Describe an S wave. • Arrive at a given point after the P waves • Travel only through solids • Move through solids at different speeds depending on the density • Cause rock particles to move from side to side & up and down Describe a L wave. • Slowest of the seismic waves • Move along the Earth’s surface like waves travel in the ocean • Cause most of the damage during an earthquake What are 3 rating scales used to measure an earthquake? Mercalli scale – This scale rates earthquakes by describing their effects on people, buildings, and the land surface in a given location. Moment Magnitude scale This scale rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy they release. The moment magnitude scale can be used to measure earthquakes of all sizes, near or far! How do scientists determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter? • When an earthquake strikes, P waves are the first to arrive at a seismograph followed by the S waves. • The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference between the two arrival times.