Transcript Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Science Notes Ch. 9 Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • landform weathering erosion deposition landslide volcano fault earthquake epicenter Lesson 1 • Types of landforms include mountains, plains, plateaus, peninsulas, valleys, and canyons. • Water, ice, temperature changes, chemicals, and living things can cause weathering. • There are 2 types of weathering: • Physical Weathering: Size of rock changes • Chemical Weathering: Chemicals cause rocks to change into different materials • Ice can cause physical weathering. Water from rain or snow can get into the cracks of rocks. If it freezes, it forms ice. The ice forces the sides of the crack out. The crack gets larger and the rock splits. Lesson 2 • Sometimes deposition happens slowly, other times it happens fast. • Avalanches and landslides pick up rock and soil causing erosion as they move downhill. • Landslides and avalanches are caused by gravity. • Ways to control erosion and deposition include the following: – Growing plants on hills – Plowing hilly fields in steps, called terraces – Building barriers along the seashore Lesson 3 • Magma is very hot rock that is partially melted into a liquid underground. • Vents are openings in volcanos that allow hot rock, gas, and ash to burst out. • An active volcano has frequent eruptions or shows signs of future eruptions. • A volcano that has not erupted for a long time is called a dormant volcano. • A volcano is called extinct if scientists think it will never erupt again. • The outer surface of Earth is the crust. • Plate movement along a fault causes most earthquakes. • The focus is the place underground where the plates start to move and the earthquake begins.