Transcript Final Review

Mr. Johnson 2014
1. What does tension create?
A normal fault
2. Why didn’t people believe Alfred Wenger’s theory?
He could not explain the motion of the plates
3. How would you describe our inner core?
Solid metal (iron and nickel)
4. How was the Appalachian Mountains created?
continental-continental convergence
5. Where is the San Andréa's fault and how was it
created?
Southern California, transform plate boundary
1.
Where was the largest earthquake in the world?
Chile, 1969
2.
Which earthquake scale measures only the largest wave?
Richter Scale
3.
What is Isostasy?
The balance between the earth’s crust and mantle has the
continental curst loses mass and oceanic gains mass
4. How and when were the Himalayan Mountains created?
Continental-continental convergence 65 mya
5. How do Love Waves move?
side to side motion
6. How would you describe the eruptions of Hawaii?
Calm, quiet eruptions with only lava flows
7. How was the Ring of Fire created?
Through the subduction of the Pacific Plate
 DRAW the three types of convergent boundaries AND list what is created
at each. Provide Examples!
Continental-Continental
Forms Mountains
Himalayans
Oceanic-Oceanic
Forms Island Arcs
Fiji
Continental-Oceanic
Forms land volcanoes
Mt. Saint Helens
 Describe the processes that occur along Mid Ocean Ridges as well as
what is created.
Plates are spreading, new land is being formed
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the cause of most earthquakes on earth? Tectonic movement
During the quake in San Francisco in 1906, the major cause of damage was a
_______________.
fire
Footwall
Layer of rock wider at the base is called the ______________?
Name the fault below as well as the STRESS (red boxes) applied to each:
Compression
Tension
Normal
Reverse
Shearing
Compression
Thrust
5.
Strike-slip
Why is it Chile’s Earthquake was more powerful then Haiti’s yet there was
more damage to Haiti. Be specific.
Haiti- only 7.0, destruction cause by poor structures, over crowded and
poor community for rescue, as well as occurred in a major city. Chile 8.8, has
had earthquake in past and more prepared. Also occurred in farm and
1.
Where and when was the largest earthquake in US history?
Alaska, 1964
2.
Where and when was the largest earthquake in the world?
Chile, 1960
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What was the largest cause of deaths from the 2004 earthquake in the Indian
Ocean?
tsunami
Although the San Andreas Fault is also plate boundary, the stresses applied
Strike-slip
are from shearing making it also a __________________________
fault.
What is an upward fold in rock layers? anticline
What type of fault is the result of one rock layer sliding over another at a low
angle?
Thrust fault
surface
Rayleigh waves are an example of _______________
waves.
Which type of stress pulls and twists the rocks layer is two opposite
direction?
Shearing
1.
What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus?
Focus is the point of origin underground and epicenter is the point on the surface
directly above the focus.
2.
List, describe and DRAW the three main types of stresses.
Compression
Shearing
Tension
3.
What is a fault?
Break in the earth’s surface where movement occurs
4.
5.
6.
Which earthquake scale is used to measure the amount of damage done by an
earthquake?Mercalli Scale
Which earthquake scale is based of the biggest seismic wave of an
earthquake?Richter
Which type of seismic wave is the fastest?
Primary (P) waves
1.
How does the age of area B compare to
the age of area C?
C is younger than B and D
2.
E
A
D
B
Describe what is formed at Area C?
C
New crust Ocean floor) is created
3.
4.
5.
What type of plate boundary is area C?
Divergent
What type of boundary is Area D?
Oceanic-Continental Convergent
Describe the PROCESS that is occurring
in Area B?
Use the image to complete
these DO Now Questions
Subduction- ocean crust (ONLY) is pulled
under the less dense plate and melts
6.
7.
8.
What is the land formation that is
created at Area D. Trench
Describe the landform that is created at
Area E.
Land volcanoes
How does the density compare from Area C
to the bottom of the mantle?
crust or newly-formed crust is LESS dense
the rest of the mantle
9. List and describe THREE pieces
of evidence to plate tectonics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Continents fit
Fossils- examples?
Paleomagnetism
Rock layers
Coal and glacier deposits
What is the name and TYPE of
the volcano above?
Mt. Saint Helens, Composite
Name AND describe
7
the parts of the
Lava bombs
volcano:
Lava Vent
6
What is the name and
TYPE of the volcano
above?
Hawaii. shield
What is the name and TYPE
of the volcano above?
Paricutin, cinder cone
1
Pyroclastic Flow
crater
2
3
conduit
Lahar
Magma chamber
4
5
1.
What is the difference between the lithosphere and
asthenosphere?
The lithosphere is solid and lies on top of the asthenosphere
which is part crust and part magma
2. What is uniformitariansim?
The theory the geologic processes that happened in the past
are most likely occurring today
3. What caused most of the 800 deaths with the eruption of
Pinatubo? Volcanic Ash
4. Which type of lava has a higher viscosity? Aa, resists flow
5. How do tsunamis move?
Like a wall of water, not like a curved surfers wave
1. What is the difference between erosion and weathering?
Erosion moves sediment, weathering wears down rock into
smaller or rounded pieces.
 What are the “spheres” of the Earth?
 Hydrosphere- water (all oceans and freshwater as well as in the air)
 Ecosphere- cycling minerals and elements (including Oxygen)
 Atmosphere-the gases that surround the earth
 Biosphere- all living things (plants, animals, bacteria…)
 Geosphere- The earths surface and interior)
 Anthrosphere- humans
 How are they important?
 Hydrosphere- the biosphere needs water to survive
 Ecosphere- animals need O2 and Plants need N, Ph and CO2
 Atmosphere- provides magnetosphere, O2, CO2, Ozone Layer
 Geosphere- cores created Magnetosphere, Hornblende and volcanoes
created water
 Anthrosphere- needs all of the above and is destroying all of the above
1.
2.
What is the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the water
molecules of surrounding materials?
Capillary action
Approximately what percentage of the Earth’s surface is Freshwater?
3% freshwater only
3.
What are the spaces between rocks where water moves easily underground called?
Aquifer
Which country do you think has the MOST polluted rivers in the world?
5. Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are: Permeable
6. What are some unique qualities of water?
4.
China
released by heating of hornblende, found in all 3 phases, needed for all life, polar,
solvent
7.
What happens to water when it freezes?
It because less dense because the bond changes from cubic (liquid) to hexagonal
(frozen)
8.
9.
increases
When salt is added to water, the density _________________.
What is the amount of dissolved minerals in water and how can it be tested easily?
hardness- suds test
What is the charge of H in water:
Hydrogen is positive
2. Tightness across the surface of water that is caused by polar
Surface tension
molecules pulling on each other is called:
3. What is the toxic greenhouse gas that is given off from decaying
waste and cattle production that has increased by 400% in
200years? Methane
4. Coal mining creates increased acidity and orange precipitate
Acid Mine Drainage
called:
1.
Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere has: Increased steadily, causing temperature to increase as well
6. Chlorine atoms from CFC’s in the stratosphere break down:Ozone
44% Runoff land
7. The main source of ocean pollution is:
8. Bleach as a pH of:
5.
14
Chemicals that are used to kill or deflect insects, fungus and
bacteria are known as: Pesticides
2. What is the main gas released from burning coal, 50% of US
electricity and what does it cause?Sulfur dioxide, acid rain
Poles
3. The biggest impact of global warming has been observed in:and
icecaps
4. The main greenhouse gases include:
1.
5.
Carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide and water vapor
desertification
Deforestation causes _______________
of the soil.
6. Largest oil spill on earth released 520 million gallons of oil in
________________________.
Kuwait in 1991
7. 80% of the trash is the ocean is
Plastic Trash
____________________________.
8. The waste water that is composed of detergents, soaps and other
sources of toxic chemicals from cruise ships is referred to as:
Grey water
33% of ocean pollution comes from:
The air
2. The Pacific Trash Heap of floating plastic trash is approximately
Texas
twice the size of:
3. The most recent oil spill in the United States occurred where?
1.
The Gulf of Mexico
4. The two main acids given off from factories and cars that cause
Sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide
acid rain?
5. The toxic pesticide that is now banned from the United States is:
DDT
6. The amount of suspended material in water is called: Turbidity
7.
Runoff from land into our streams, rivers and oceans is caused
drains (not SEWERS)
by runoff into Storm
______________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Capillary______________
Action
______________
is demonstrated by water being absorbed by a paper
towel?
What is a land area where precipitation drains? Watershed
Cohesion
The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules is___________________?
What is an area that is covered with a layer of shallow water during some or all of the
year?
wetlands
What is the amount of suspended material in water? Turbidity
What is the main type of chemical responsible for Eutrophication?
nitrates and phosphate
What is the chemical pesticide responsible for the cause of several large birds in the US
to almost become extinct?
DDT- process of
bioaccumulation/biomagnification