Transcript Creating Wildlife Habitat

Environmental Resources Cluster
Unit
Animal Wildlife Management
Problem Area 2
Wildlife Biology & Ecosystems
Lesson 5
Creating Wildlife Habitat
Wildlife Food
Shown here are examples of various
wild berries, nuts, and seeds.
Can you identify what they are?
What wildlife would you suggest would
eat this food?
How do you think we could promote
greater production of these foods?
Objectives
Explain how habitat growth is classified.
Describe the relationships of wildlife
populations to habitat.
Identify earth changes that impact habitat.
Discuss the role of climate and weather in
habitat production.
Explain the production of plants as food
sources.
Terms
Atmosphere
Birth rate
Browse
Climate
Climax stage
Crust
Cyclical changes
Death rate
Diurnal species
Dormancy
Equinox
Forb
Habitat community
Herbage
Hibernation
Mast
Terms
Nocturnal species
Perennial
Population
Revolution
Rotation
Troposphere
Vertical
stratification
Weather
How is habitat growth classified?
Habitat growth is usually specific when it
comes to a development sequence.
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Habitat layers influence the physical
environment and diversity of the wildlife
species.
Habitat stages are based on growth
succession.
Plant, animal, and other organisms interact in
the environment to form a habitat community.
Habitat Layers
The physical nature of an area is
often organized into layers or strata,
known as vertical stratification.
There are usually two layers in a
simple grassy field area: ground and
herbaceous.
Habitat Layers
In more complex community there
can be up to six layers: ground,
herbaceous, low shrubs, low tree
and high shrub, lower canopy, and
upper canopy.
The growth of native species is
supported by water and soil to form
these layers.
Habitat stages are based on
growth succession.
Many years are required from
progression through the habitat stages.
There are six stages of plant
succession, these stages occur with
different vegetation types.
Grasses and forbs provide a few inches
or feet of vertical strata.
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Forbs are low-growing broadleaf plants.
Habitat stages are based on
growth succession.
The climax stage is the final stage
where the vegetation tends to be
stable and remain present for
extended periods of time.
Disturbances can be caused by
natural factors or human activity.
Six Stages of Plant Succession
Habitat Community
A habitat community is all the living things in
an area.
Many interactions are related to the presence
of wildlife.
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Pattern is the distribution of all factors in a
community.
Structure is the physical makeup of the area.
Size is measured in acres and relates to the
needs of species.
Layers are the heights of plants in a forest.
What are the relationships of
wildlife compared to habitat?
Habitat provides important affects
on wildlife populations.
Population
 Population response
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Population
Population refers to the number of
organisms in an area or it could also
refer to the combined number of all
species or to the number of one
specific species.
Population
Population density is influenced by
the number of new organisms
added to the population and by the
number that leave.
Population
Birth rate is important when talking
about population density.
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Birth rate is the number of young
produced per unit of population over a
given time.
Population
The death rate is the number of
deaths per thousand population
each year.
Both the birth rate and the death
rate form a population curve.
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It shows populations declining due to
lack of food, hunting, disease, and
other conditions.
Population Response
In some habitats, a small population
may undergo a large, rapid increase.
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This increase will continue until the upper
limits are reached.
Some populations will decline due to
starvation, disease, or other means.
Some population densities reach the
maximum carrying capacity of the
habitat.
Wildlife Population Curve
What are some earth changes
that impact wildlife habitat?
Wildlife has to find ways to adapt to
whatever the types of changes that
occur.
Cyclical changes
 Revolution of the earth resulting in
seasons.
 Unpredictable changes
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Cyclical Changes
Cyclical changes are those that
occur on a regular basis and follow
a predictable pattern.
These changes involve the
movement of Earth and the solar
system on a regular basis.
Cyclical Changes
Rotation is the turning of Earth on
an imaginary axis.
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This crates day and night for us on a
24 hour basis.
Cyclical Changes
Many wildlife organisms adjust to their
survival depending on the earth’s
rotations.
Nocturnal species are species that are
most active at night, but rest during the
day. (ex. Bats, owls, and raccoons)
 Diurnal species are species that are active
during the day and rest at night. (ex.
Squirrels, turkey, and cardinals)
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Cyclical Changes
Wildlife plants need both light and
dark.
The light is needed for plants to carry
out photosynthesis.
 Darkness is needed for plants to rest.
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Revolution of Earth—Seasons
A revolution is the time it takes Earth to
move around the Sun.
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This creates one year for us – 365.24 days
The seasons we experience on Earth
are dependent on the position of Earth
during the revolution.
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The angle at which Earth is tilted toward or
away from the Sun creates cool and warm
seasons.
Revolution of Earth—Seasons
Each fall and spring the Sun is
directly over the equator.
This is called the equinox.
 During the equinox, night and day are
exactly the same number of hours.
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Revolution of Earth—Seasons
The seasons strongly influence
wildlife.
Squirrels and chipmunks, for example,
store their food to get ready for winter.
 Other animals such as bears and
some turtles hibernate; which is the
rest a variety of animals get that lasts
all winter long.
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Earth’s Revolution Influence
Seasons
Unpredictable Changes
Solid materials are often pushed
around by mother nature.
The kind and amount of solid
materials in the earth’s crust influence
wildlife.
 The crust is the surface of the earth,
such as fields, mountains, swamps,
and rivers.
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Unpredictable Changes
Some changes take a long time, while
others may occur suddenly, such as
volcanic action or earthquakes.
Animals depend on the top of the crust.
Determines plant growth.
 Determines where water will travel.
 Determines what animals can survive in
those conditions.
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What is the role of climate and
weather in habitat production?
Everything is affected by climate
and weather.
The atmosphere is the air that
surrounds Earth and is made of five
layers.
 Climate is governed by the weather.
 Climate is the weather that is
generally present in a location.
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The Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the air that surrounds
Earth and is made of five layers.
Humans and wildlife alike can only
survive in the troposphere.
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The troposphere is the layer of the
atmosphere that is closes to Earth and it is
approximately 10 miles from the earth’s
surface.
The Atmosphere
Air is a mixture of gases, the majority
being nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
This is primarily air, water vapor, and
various particulate.
 Pollutants can alter the composition of the
air.
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Above the troposphere is the ozone
layer which protects the earth from the
Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
Climate is governed by the
weather.
Weather is the current condition in the
atmosphere.
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This includes moisture, wind, temperature,
and atmospheric pressure.
Depending on the weather fronts,
different kinds of conditions can
accompany the troposphere such as
rain, snow, sleet, temperature change,
and hazardous storms.
Climate is governed by
the weather.
All wildlife organisms are affected by
the weather.
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If there are sudden changes in the
weather, such as extreme
temperatures, animals can suffer the
consequences.
Climate is the weather that is
present in a location.
Oftentimes, average measurements of
temperature, precipitation, and other
traits of the weather are used to
describe climate.
In most cases temperature controls the
climate.
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Polar climates are cold year round.
Temperate climates are moderate.
Tropical climates are warm year round.
Climate is the weather that is
present in a location.
Native wildlife species are accustom
to the climate in which they live.
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Sometimes efforts to bring in nonnative species to a particular place fail
because people do not consider the
climate needed by the wildlife.
How does the production of
plants serve as food for wildlife?
Wildlife animals must have food.
Three common types of plant food
are:
Browse
 Herbage
 Mast
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Browse
Browse is the tender growth of
shrubs and trees.
Most animals that eat browse enjoy
the small trees with leaves, shoot, and
stems near the ground.
 Most shrubs have easily accessible
growth with many branches low the
the ground.
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Browse
Many ruminants gorge on browse
because their several compartments
make the best use of browse. (ex. Deer)
Some browse grow as perennials.
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Perennial browse plants can live for several
years.
During the winter, much browse goes
dormant.
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Dormancy is a time when the plant is not
growing.
Herbage
Herbage is the succulent non-woody
leaves and stems of herbaceous plants.
These plants are small to medium in
height and do not grow woody stems.
Common types include grasses, vines,
and weeds.
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Ruminant digestive systems usually make
the best of herbage because of the bacteria
in their digestive system the lower quality
grasses are converted to higher quality
food materials.
Mast
Mast is the fruits and nuts of trees and
shrubs eaten by animal wildlife.
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Common nuts include acorns and hickory nuts.
Common fruits include wild plums, blackberries,
and pokeweed berries.
The nutrient materials are more concentrated in
mast.
Usually monogastric animals such as rabbits and
squirrels like to eat mast.
Review / Summary
How is habitat growth classified?
What are the relationships of wildlife
populations compared to habitat?
What are some earth changes that
impact wildlife habitat?
What is the role of climate and weather
in habitat production?
How does the production of plants
serve as food sources for wildlife?