Transcript COSMOS_Project7

Global Shakes:
How earthquakes help us understand plate
tectonics and identify geohazardous regions
of the world
Erica Rios, Angie Pettenato, and Shoua Yang
COSMOS 2006: Earthquakes in Action
Outline
What is an Earthquake?
Engdahl Centennial Catalog
Types of Boundaries
Major Trenches
Screen Shot
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Demo
What is an Earthquake?
An earthquake is a trembling of the Earth's
surface
Usually caused by stress that is released along
the fault lines as pressure builds up over time
Shock waves will be generated by the
movement of the masses of rock and crust.
Engdahl Centennial Earthquake Catalog
Contains information on earthquakes
recorded around the world
Recently updated to include
earthquakes from 1900-2002
Complete down to Mw 7.0 between
1900-1964 and Mw 5.5 for 1964-2002
Transform Boundaries
http://www.earthscape.org/t1/lic01
/lic01ba.html
Plates move horizontally
against each other
Earthquakes tend to be
shallow and small to
moderate in magnitude
Example: San Andreas
Fault in California
1906 San Francisco
1989 Loma Prieta
Divergent Boundaries
Where plates move apart
and away from each other
Formation of new crust
http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/inter
net/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm
Earthquakes tend to be
shallow to medium depth
with lesser magnitudes.
Ex) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Ex) East African Rift Zone
Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, Horn
of Africa
Convergent Boundaries
http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/inter
net/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm
 Plates move toward
each other
 One plate subducts
under another
 Earthquakes tend to
be deep and range all
magnitudes
 Trenches & tsunamis
 Earthquake struck
northeast of La Paz,
Bolivia on June 9, 1994
M 8.3
Depth of 636 km
Aleutian Trench
http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~g
eog3/concept_illus/691_ex.jpg
 Pacific Plate is subducting under
the North American Plate
 Great earthquake hit Alaska on
March 27, 1964
M 9.2
61.4°N, 147.73°W
Caused avalanches, landslides,
tsunamis, and ground
deformations
Peru-Chile Trench
 Located along southeastern Pacific
Ocean, about 160 km off the coast
of Peru and Chile
 Result of the eastern edge of the
Nazca Plate subducting under the
South American Plate
 Extends 5,900 km and has a
maximum depth of 8.1 km
 Great earthquake struck south of
Central Chile on May 22, 1960
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Oceanic_trench
 M 8.6
 Depth of 33 km
Java Trench
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java
_Trench
 Located in the northeastern
part of the Indian Ocean
 Trench is a seam between
the Eurasian and Indian
Plates
 Extends 2,600 km and has a
maximum depth of 7.7 km
 Major earthquake resulted
in the deadly tsunami of
December 2004
Visualization
Tectonic plate boundaries, colored by type
Earthquakes by magnitude
Major cities’ populations: 6 million to 12 million
Volcanic Hotspots
Conclusion
Engdahl Catalog: record of
earthquakes from 1900 – 2002
Updated the catalog’s 3D scene
file with tectonics, hotspots,
major cities, undersea trenches
Geohazards of living in certain
regions of the world
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank the following people
in helping us to complete this project:
Allison Jacobs
Bridget Smith
Debi Kilb
Jerry Lederman
Benson Shing
Andreas Stavridis
Jon Deck
Works Cited
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://earthquake/usgs.gov/research/data/centennial.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strike_slip_fault
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_Trench
http://www.extremescience.com/GreatestEarthquake.htm
http://www.margins.wustl.edu/SF/I-B_M/IZUBonin.html
http://www.crew.org/home/eqfacts.html
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/transform.
html
• http://www.scec.org/core/public/showobject.php/12940
• http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=5424%
&archives=true