Transcript Unit 1: Structure of the Earth

Warm-up
November 8
Describe what would happen if you
tried to dig a hole to China
with a shovel.
You would be able to dig a hole about 20
feet deep. After that, you would not be
able to remove the dirt from the hole
because it would be too heavy to lift.
MYP Unit Question: How does land change?
Area of Interaction: Environment
Learner Profile: Caring and Principled
Standard: Investigate the scientific view of
how the Earth ’s surface is
formed
Compare and Contrast the layers of the earth including
composition, relative temperature, and density.
.
Bell Ringer: Challenges that prevent
scientists from exploring the
center of the Earth.
Work Session: Earth’s Layers Notes
Closing: Earth’s layers Song
** Did you turn in the tiered reading assignment from yesterday? **
What challenges stand in the way of
scientists exploring the center of the Earth?
Deepest Mine
Carletonville, South Africa 2 1/3 mile (3.8km)
Deepest Geological Dig
Zapolyarnyy, Russia
9 miles (15km)
Deepest Ocean Dive
Bathscaphe in Marianas Trench 6 miles (10km)
Deepest Ocean Trench
Marianas Trench, Pacific Ocean 7 miles (11km)
What challenges stand in the way of
scientists exploring the center of the Earth?
•
No equipment equipped to withstand the
heat, pressure, and depth of the interior of
the Earth.
•
No human can withstand the heat,
pressure, or depth of the interior of the
Earth.
Temperature
• At first, the Earth gets a
little cooler as you go deeper.
• But at 20 meters depth, the
temperature starts rising.
• For every 40 meters you
descend, the temperature
rises about 1° Celsius. After
a few kilometers this rate
slows a bit, but it gets hotter
the deeper you travel inside
the Earth.
Pressure
• Is the force pushing on a
certain area.
• The deeper you go, the
more rocks are above you.
The more rocks there
are, the more they weigh.
• So the deeper you go, the
greater the pressure
pushing on you.
Unit 1: Structure of the Earth
Standard:
Compare and Contrast the layers of the earth including
composition, relative temperature, and density.
The Earth has 3 main layers:
1. Crust (Oceanic and Continental)
Lithosphere
2. Mantle
3. Core
(Asthenosphere)
(Outer Core & Inner Core)
If it’s in YELLOW write it down.
The Crust
• SOLID layer of rock that forms Earth’s
outer skin, including the solid earth and
oceans.
• CONTINENTAL CRUST –
composed of granitic rocks,
which are less dense than
basaltic rocks of the
oceanic crust. So, most of
continental crust is above
sea level.
• OCEANIC CRUST composed of basaltic rocks,
which are more dense than
granitic rocks of the
continental crust. So,
oceanic crust is below sea
level.
The Crust (CONTINUED)
• Composition: mostly oxygen, silicon,
aluminum, (Granite and Basalt)
• Relative Temperature: Varies from air
temperature to 870 Co
• Thickness: (5-100 km) 100km
The Crust (CONTINUED)
You DON’T need to draw the graph.
40%
iron
oxygen
30%
20%
10%
0%
silicon magnesium
the other
Lithosphere
• Upper part of the mantle and the crust.
• Floats on top of the soft rock below it.
• Averages 100 km thick
• Litho means “stone” in Greek.
• The crust and upper part of
the mantle are very similar,
so they are combined in this
layer.
The Mantle
• SOLID layer of hot rock between
the crust and core.
Mantle (continued)
Composition: Mostly iron and magnesium
Relative Temperature: 870oC – 3,700oC
Thickness: (100km – 3,000km) 2,900km
(contains most of earth’s mass)
Convection currents - hot
material in the mantle rises,
cools and then sinks.
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Asthenosphere
• Upper part of the Mantle.
• Molten (melted) rock layer.
• About 175 km thick.
The Core
Center of the Earth;
under extreme pressure
The Outer Core
Composition: LIQUID iron and nickel
Relative Temperature: 3,700oC – 4,300oC
Thickness: (3,000km – 5,200km) 2,200km
The Inner Core
Composition: SOLID iron and nickel
Relative Temperature: 4,300oC – 7,200oC
Thickness: (5,200km – 6,428km) 1,228km
The inner core is very hot, pressure from the weight of the rest of the
Earth doesn’t allow the material to melt.
Iron’s normal temperature of melting is 15350C, but in the earth inner
core it could stand 40000C with no melting.
Closing: Layers Earth Song