Transcript 39 Final Exam Review 2012 Revised KC

2012
Physical Science
Final
Exam
Review
Answers
1. W = F x d
F = 650 N d = 3 M
W = 650N x 3M= 1950 J
2. PE = mgh
F = mg = 50 N
h = 1.5m
PE = 50 N x 1.5 m= 75 J
3. PE = mgh
m= 100kg
h=10m g =9.8m/s2
PE = 100 kg x 10 M x 9.8 m/s2 = 9800 J
4. Work = f x d
d = 10 M
force = the weight of the boulder which is
it’s mass x the gravity. From the
previous problem we know that
mass = 100 kg and g = 9.8 m/s2
Therefore the force = 980 N
so Work = 980J x 10 M = 9800J
Work is = to PE Energy
Work = f x d
m x a
PE = m g h
5. KE-1/2mv2
m = 100 kg
v = 13 m/s
KE = ½ 100 kg x (13 m/s)2
KE = 8450J
6. B height decreasing = decreasing PE
ball falling = increase in Kinetic NRG
Increase in Kinetic NRG = increase in speed
7. C
No work when no motion!
8. B
Choices A, C & D all involve motion
9. A
10. F
Chemical NRG comes from
chemical reactions.
11. Thermal/heat energy (think friction)
12. Non-renewable energy sources can not
be replenished (made again) in a short
period of time such as coal, petroleum,
propane and natural gas.
13. solar, geothermal, wind, biomass
hydrogen-fuel cells, hydroelectric.
14.The vast majority of our energy
comes from non renewable resources
such as coal, petroleum, propane and
natural gas. Eventually these
resources will run out. Therefore we
need new resources for energy and to
make them cost effective it would be
better if they were renewable so we
don’t run out again. Also as the
resources become limited they begin
to cost too much.
15. C
Power = work / time
Since Power is how much work you do
in a certain period of time if you do
more work in the same amount of time
or you do the same work in less time
you are more powerful.
Automobiles (specifically trucks) are
rated for power. The more work
they can do in a certain amount of
time the more powerful they are!
16.
Work = F x d F = 200 N d = 1.8 M
Didga notice we don’t need time for work?
Work = 200 N x 1.8 M = A. 360
Work units= B. J
(J = Joules)
17. C (too much pressure from the other layers
of the earth)
18. D (seismograph)
19. C force of gravity on the sun would be
much greater because it is much more massive
than the Earth!
20. B
The mass of the earth is so huge that
even though there is an attraction to
you and the tv or any other mass, it
is so small (miniscule) that you can’t
detect that attraction.
Also, the attraction between you and
the TV isn’t greater than the static
friction between the shelf the TV sits
on and the TV but that’s something
you will learn in 11th grade.
21. B Radiation is transfer of heat
NRG by waves!
22. A
Conduction is transfer of heat
NRG by contact.
23. C Convection is transfer of heat
NRG by fluid mass movement.
24. Solids cannot transfer heat by
convection b/c the molecules cannot
flow.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
PE
1
high
2
med
3
low
4
med
5
high
KE
low
med
high
med
low
Highest 1&5 Lowest 3
Highest 3
Lowest 1&5
PE=KE @ 2 & 4
The pendulum could not swing higher at 5
than it did at 1 b/c that would take more
energy than is available and that would be a
violation of the law of conservation.
Energy cannot be created, only transformed or
transferred!
30. m=PE
gh
PE = 8.82J
h = 1.2m
g = 9.8m/s2
8.82J = 0.75kg
(9.8m/s2 x 1.2m)
31. A The rougher the surface the more the
friction in the same time period.
This would actually be less friction only if
they both were done in the same amount
of time. If you rubbed your hands longer
you could eventually generate as much
heat as rubbing sandpaper.
32. D A mixture of solutes and a solvent.
33. B 2 (valence electrons!)
Diagram A –too many e- in 2nd shell
Diagram C –too many p+ not enough No
Diagram D –too many e- in 1st shell
34. Ion (Any atom with a different
number of electrons than protons is an
ion)
35.
36. Nucleus, electron cloud
37. Question
#
Ionic
1) NH3
2) NaCl
Covalent
What the
compound is made
of?
Covalent
2 nonmentals
Ionic
A metal and a
nonmetal
3) CH4
Covalent
2 nonmetals
4) CO2
Covalent
2 nonmetals
5) CaCl2
Ionic
A metal and a
nonmetal
6) KBr
Ionic
A metal and a
nonmetal
38.
#
Positive Ion
Negative Ion
Chemical
Formula
1) K and N
K +1
N-3
K3N
2) Ca and F
Ca+2
F-1
CaF2
3) Li and Cl
Li+1
Cl-1
LiCl
4) Mg and Si
Mg+2
Si-4
Mg2Si
5) Al and O
Al+3
O-2
Al2O3
39.
Position
PE (J)
KE (J)
TE (J)
A
58,996
0
58,996
B
44,247
14,749
58,996
C
29,498
29,498
58,996
D
14,749
44,247
58,996
E
0
58,996
58,996
40.
41.Element A and Element D
42. One is an isotope and one is an atom but
they are from the same element because
they have the same number of protons.
43. Isotopes (Isotopes have the same number
of protons but a different number of
neutrons)
44. No! The number of protons is what
determines the kind of atom. Then the
number of protons is always the same for
the same kind of element.
45. Yes! Sucrose could be broken down
chemically because it is a compound.
46.No! Argon cannot be broken down by a
chemical process b/c it is an atom, the
smallest form of matter.
47. D
nucleus has most of the mass,
electon cloud has most of the volume.
48. B
Opposite charges attract
49. H
Co-champion shares championship
50. B
Need a metal and non-metal
51. G
Need two non-metals
52. Water is called the "universal solvent"
because it dissolves more substances than
any other liquid.
Most substances have a charge. Since
water is polar, having two different
charges, it is able to align either it’s
positive or negative charge with the
charge on the substance being dissolved.
53. C
54. It is an Ionic compound. They are made
from metals and non-metals and metals
are good conductors of heat and
electricity.NaNO3 is the only ion listed.
55. Mass cannot be created or destroyed
therefore the mass of gaseous, sublimed
CO2 would be the same as the frozen CO2
56. 2Al + 3Br2
2Na
+ Cl2
3H2 + N2
2Mg + O2
2AlBr3
2NaCl
2NH3
2MgO
57. C
Convection currents moving
58. C
Igneous Rock
59. A. 1,1,1 H2 + O2
H2O2 Already
balanced
60.The reactants on the left have a mass of
266g, therefore there must be a product
mass on the right of 266g.
220g of CaCO3 + 46g of Zinc = 266g of
product
Answer = 46g
Ca + ZnCO3
90g
176g
CaCO3
220g
+
Zn
? g
46 g
=266 g
266 g
61. Law of Conservation of Mass
62.B Na gives one electron and sulfur
needs two electrons. Therefore you
need two Na atoms for every one
sulfur atom.
63. 1) Outer Core
2) Inner Core
3) Crust
4) Mantle
64. #2 Inner core- Pressure and density
increase as you go deeper into
the Earth.
65.Pressure from the outer layers
squeezes molecules together
66. d. Convection currents are mainly due
to radioactive isotopes in the mantle.
It gets REALLY HOT!
Problems 67-134
67. These fuels come from buried tons of
dead animals and plants. Coal does
have fossils as well.
68. Petroleum
(That’s oil for you non readers!)
69
70. small mountains, volcanoes, and
deep ocean trenches
71. A Oceanic crust subducting
under continental crust
72. C
Continental crust smashing
into other continental crust
73. D
Divergent boundary
74. A Convergent with subduction
75. Oceanic
(Oceanic crust is mainly made of basalt and
continental crust is mainly granite. Basalt is more
dense 3g/cc than granite 2.7g/cc)
76. Tectonic plates are always moving which can
allow magma to break through and create
volcanoes.
77. Silica content
more silica = more viscosity= more explosive
78.Magma viscosity. The greater the
viscosity the greater the pressure
required to blow it out.
79. Convergent boundaries can form deep
ocean trenches, mountains and
volcanoes.
80. Divergent boundaries can form sea
floor spreading, islands, mid-oceanic
ridges and volcanoes.
85. Weak, heavy building materials and
poor construction techniques.
86.
1. Continents fit like a puzzle.
2. Same kinds of plant and animal fossils
on different continents oceans apart.
3. Similar rocks and minerals found on different
continents oceans apart.
4. Magnetic banding along ocean ridges.
5. Matching coal deposits on different continents oceans
apart.
6. Matching mountains on different continents oceans
apart.
7. Similar Glacier deposits on different continents that
are oceans apart.
R U Kidn me?
R U really trying to read ths to
find and answer?
Seriously, if you are reading
this then you’re a turd!
Get a life over the summer!
87. Electromagnetic waves do not need a
medium
88. T
95. T
89. T
96. T
90. F Physical Change 97. F Divergent
boundaries
91. F Physical Change 98. F Solid
92. T
99. T
93. F Chemical
Property
100. T
94. F Physical
Property
101. F mantle
107. T
102. T
108. T
103.T
109. T
104. T
110. F no bonds
105. F chemical energy
from food
106. T
111. T
112. F exothermic
113
Evaporation
Melting
Sublimation
Plasma
Freezing
Condensation
Vaporization
B
C
D
F
G
A
E
114-117.
114 A. Divergent
115 B. Convergent
With Subduction
116 C. Transform fault
117 D. Convergent
w/o Subduction
Wow, you’re STILL trying to
read this! Take a look around
at all the turds with their
heads sideways reading this.
118. Wave “B” has a greater amplitude
because it’s wave height is higher.
A
B
119. Wave A has more frequency
because there are more waves per
minute.
120. Three examples of mechanical waves
are: sound waves, seismic waves, and
ocean waves.
121. Examples of electromagnetic waves:
Radio, Microwaves, infrared, visible, UV,
x-ray, gamma
Quick Recap of EM waves.
Radio
Long waves, Low frequency
Microwave
Used to heat up food and now used for
cell phones, and TV’s.
IR
Used by the military to see heat at
night.
Visible
Only light we see as humans.
UV
Emitted from the sun and can cause
skin cancer.
Used by doctors to determine if a bone
is broken or not.
Short waves and high frequency. Used
in the medical field to kill cancer cells.
X-Ray
Gamma
122. The major difference between a
mechanical wave and an electromagnetic wave is
that mechanical waves (ocean, sound and
earthquakes) need a medium travel through,
electromagnetic waves do not.
123. Sound waves would travel faster through
a brick wall rather than air, because the
molecules in a brick wall (solid) are tightly
packed together so energy is transferred from
molecule to molecule very fast. In air (gases),
the molecules are moving randomly and rapidly,
so it is very difficult for the molecules to
transfer their energy to another molecule.
124.
Physical or Chemical Property
125. C
126. P
127. P
128. C
129. C
130. P
131. C
132. C
133. C
134. C
Good Luck on
your Exam
Butt Nuggets!!