Transcript 10 -3 m - drpence

From the Atom to the Outer
Cosmos
of Size
Length, Area, Volume
Our Room—
Estimates,
Measurements
and
Calculations
Ways of Measuring
• An Entity in Nature : a foot, an AU, a
gram, a light year
• Agreed upon weights and measures
• International System of Units or…
• SI (le Systeme Internationale d’ Unites)
• American (was English) e.g.
• Yards,miles,acres,quarts, gallons, pounds
• Consistent accurate weights very
important –Constitution set up a common
system of weights and measures for all the
USA.
Definitions of a foot and hand and
cubit
One hand
equals four
inches
• The average depth
of the Atlantic Ocean
2.5 miles
• From Lake Crystal
to Mankato and Back
25 miles
How Deep in
the Earth?
• To boil water-100C
• To melt Rock-1000C
• To match the temperature of the surface of
the Sun-6000C
Distance
2500 miles LA- Wash DC
250 miles width of Minnesota
250,000 miles distance to moon (286,000)
93 million miles to Sun
25,000 miles
distance around
earth at equator
93million miles = one astronomical unit (AU)
measurement used for planets (Mars is 1.6AU from sun)
Height and Depth
Lowest
point on
land Dead
Sea-1385 ft
Highest point in N. America: Mt
McKinley, Alaska 20,370ft
Highest point on earth: Mt Everest,
Himalayas 29,000 ft (5.5miles) miles
Pacific averages 2.8
mi deep
Atlantic: 2.5 mi
Lowest point on
Earth
Mariana trench in
Pacific ocean: 6.8
miles down
Distance to center
of earth: 4000
miles. Diameter of
earth-8000 miles)
Astronomical Unit 93 million
miles (Earth to the Sun)
Planets Distance from Sun in AU
Light Year
• Speed of light 186,000 miles /second
(3x10+8m/sec)
• So it takes light 1.5 seconds to get to earth from
moon, 8 minutes from sun
• A light year is a measurement of distance—distance
light travels in a year
• A light year is 6 trillion miles
• The nearest star we can see at night (not counting
our star the sun) is 4 light years away
• The farthest object we can see in the night sky is the
Andromeda Galaxy-2.5 million light years away)
• The universe is 160 billion light years wide
The farthest object in the night sky visible to
“the naked eye” (2.5million ly)
Andromeda Galaxy
Definitions of a Meter
• 1/10million from North Pole
to Equator by way of Paris
• A specific platinum iridium bar
• A fraction of the speed of light in seconds
• For our working definition we will accept
The meter stick
The meter stick divided by 1000
A millimeter (lead in pencil)
10-3 m
Polio Virus: 25x 10 -9 meters (nanometers)
Polio Virus
Thickness
of Dime: A1.7
x10-3m
A human
(eukaryotic)
bacterial
cell is
cell is 10-100 microns
10-6m (one micron)
(millimeter)
The Meter Stick divided by a Million
One Micron(µm)-a bacteria cell
10-6 m
Cell Sizes
Bacterial Cell-1 micron
One micron =10 -6 meter
Eucaryote Cell 10-100
microns(1x10--5 m)
Comparative Sizes-Virus,
Bacteria, Eucaryote
A meter stick divided by a billion
a nanometer(cell membrane= 4nm)
10-9 m
The Meter Stick divided by 10
billion(1 angstrom = diameter of atom)
10-10 m
Meter Stick Divided by 1000 trillion
Nucleus of an atom
1x10-15m
Atomic
Size
• An atom 1x10-10
meter (an
angstrom)
• Nucleus of atom
is10-15 meter( a
femtometer)
Definitions and Conversions
Everyone should Know
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2.5 centimeters = 1 inch
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet (36 inches) = 1 yard
1 meter is a little more than a yard (39.37 inches)
1760yds (5280ft) = 1 mile
1000 meters = 1 kilometer
1 kilometer = .6 miles
1 mile =1.6 km
One Light year =6 trillion miles
9.5 trillion km
• One Astronomical Unit= 93 million miles
150 million km
• The speed of Light= 186,000 miles/second
300,000 km /sec
Scientific Notation
10+12 is a trillion
10+9 is a billion
10+6 is a million
10+3 is a thousand
ZERO
10-2m is a centimeter
10-3 m is a millimeter
10-6 m is a micrometer
10-9 m is a nanometer
10-10m is an angstrom
10+3 means 10x10x10
10+6 means 10x10x10x10x10x10
10-3 means 1/10+3 or 1/1000
Areas
• Two dimensions
Each County is divided into townships
How Many Square miles in a
Township?
Each square mile is a Section
An Acre
Areas: Two dimension-Surfaces
Hectare
Hectare: Acre (metric
conversion)
• One Hectare =2.47 acres
Areas for common shapes-how
we find them
• Area =Width x Length
One cc =One Milliliter
Three Teaspoons in a
Tablespoon
One tablespoon =.5 oz
16 tbls=8 oz= 1 Cup
5 Quart Mixer
Two Cups in a
Two Pints in a
Four Quarts in a
Metric conversions
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1tsp 4.9 ml
1 oz-29.8 ml
12oz=385 ml
500ml-16.9 oz
1 liter=328 oz=1.06 qt
Metric conversions: Volume
12oz=385 ml
• 120z-355ml
One Half Liter 16.9oz
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Mass
• The amount of material in an object
• Resistance to force (inertia)
MASS
One gm: One cubic centimeter
of H2O
One kilogram-One liter of water
Mass
• 9.1 10 -31 kg mass of electron
• 1.66 10 -27 kg mass of proton, neutron and
amu.
• 6x10+24 kg mass Earth
• 1.98 10 +30 kg mass Sun
Mass of the Universe
(1050 kg)
Mass/Volume
=Density
• Water 1gm/cc
• Earth 5.5 gm/cc
• Sun 1.4gm/cc
Surface Area—the Covering for
the Volume
Surface Areas
Surface area of a Cube
Surface area of a Rectancular
9th Grade Assignment—making a
“A Sense of Scale” Chart
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We will be taping these on a Science Fair type poster which I can use to
teach other grades
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Different Students should do different panels.
Each Student should work on his own.
Each panel is a 11x14 paper with some size on it –and an illustration.
We also need panels called What is a light year? Meter stick vs yard stick, What is Scientific
Notation? Conversions Everyone should Know.
We also need a panel with low and high points of the earth.
Panel of our 25 miles 250 miles 2500 miles 25,000 miles examples (maybe add 2.5 miles- avg
depth of Atlantic Ocean) A good map drawer should do this one,.
Assignmets table one light years several panels with a definition
Table 2 astronomical units definition and pictures of planets with rough distances(in AU)
Table three 2.5mile -250,000 mile scale
Table 4 atom nucleus and diameter as well as sizes of cells
Table 5 SPECIAL PANELS A)Title Panel B) Scientific Notation Panel C) Conversions
everyone should know, OR D) A composite of objects and Scales angstrom, micron, miles.
Astronomical unit and light year
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SIGN YOUR WORK IN LOWER RIGHT HAND OF PAPER OR ON BACK
Wed -art projects, thur and fri lecture Friday solar system worksheet due
What is a prism again?
Following Slides Do not Use
Budgets: Thinking About Numbers
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Federal Debt 2006
5 trillion
Federal 2008 Expenditures
3 trillion
Revenues(2006)
1&2 Wallmart and Exxon
350 billion
3&5 GM and Chevron
200 billion
Ford and GE
160 billion
33Target
60 billion
Some Government Annual Budgets:
Minnesota 2006 Expenditures
25 billion
Big Bang-the manifestation of matter
13.7 billion years ago
Solar System and Earth Form
4.6 billion ya
Minneapolis 2005 Expenditures
1.5 billion
MSU 2007 Annual Revenues
185 million
13,500 students
Tuition: 70 million
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City of Mankato-2007 Budget
Blue Earth County 2007
75 million
57 million
Light: an Electromagnetic Wave
Oceanic crust: 4
miles thick
Continental crust: 1240 miles thick
Astronomical Units and Solar
System
Planets-Astronomical Units
Away
Parallax