Transcript PowerPoint - Science A 2 Z

From the Inside Out
The zones of the Earth
The Earth as we see it
But there is more than what meets
the eye…
www.3dnworld.com
The Earth’s Layers
Inside
 Core
 Mantle
 Crust
Outside
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
The Core
The Inner Core
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Solid metal made of iron and
some nickel
3,200-3,960 miles below the
Earth’s surface
780 miles thick
9,032-10,832˙ F
The Outer Core
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Molten liquid of iron, nickel, &
≈ 10% of sulpher and oxygen
1,800-3,200 miles below the
Earth’s surface
1,370 miles thick
7,200 -9,032˙ F
http://dinosaurtheory.com/earth_core3.jpg
Why It’s Important
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Creates the Earth’s
magnetism
Creates “convection
currents” from
radiating heat
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/7th/
earth/sciber/erlayers.htm
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
wps.prenhall.com
The Mantle
Lower/Inner
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Solid rock made from sulphides &
oxides of silicon & magnesium
Plastic like
190-1,800 miles below the Earth’s
surface
Approx. 1,610 miles thick
Average temp. 5400˙ F
Upper/Outer
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http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/inside.html
Tough liquid rock of silicates of
iron & magnesium
More brittle and thin then the lower
mantle
7- 190 miles below the surface
Top temp. ≈ 2520˚ F
Bottom temp. ≈ 5400˚ F
http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/man
tle.htm
The Crust
Oceanic Crust
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Found below the ocean
4-7 miles thick
Made mainly out of basalt
(formed out of lava that cools
quickly)
Rocks are very young, about
200 million years old
Continental Crust
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Found underneath the
continents
Average 20-25 miles thick, with
the deepest being 45 miles
Consist mainly of igneous rocks
Rocks here are about 3.8 billion
years old
http://www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/A3B07F5E-D9BB-4026908D-DEB9B0217EA6/0/earth_cut.jpg
Troposphere
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Begins at the Earth and is 4-12
miles high. (11-12 miles at the
equator, 4 miles at the poles)
Made up of the perfect mixture
of oxygen and nitrogen which is
able to support life.
90% of the atmosphere is found
here
This is where our weather is
created as well as where planes
fly
Latin for turning or change
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0040-introduction-toour-atmosphere.php
Stratosphere
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11-31 miles above the
earth’s surface
Where the ozone layer is
found
– Absorbs 97-99% of the
sun’s ultraviolet light
– Colorless gas that smells
like burning electrical wire
http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2000/01.h
tml
Mesosphere
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Found 53 miles above the
Earth’s surface
Atmosphere is thin which
doesn’t allow for much
ultraviolet absorption
which in turns causes the
temp. to drop from 5˚F to
-184˚F
Gases thick enough to
slow down & burn up
meteorites
http://www.t-utorials.com/data/Image/tutorials/Falling_Star/star14.jpg
Thermosphere
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From the mesosphere up
to 430 miles above the
earth surface
Gases are increasingly
thin that only high energy
ultraviolet & x-ray
radiation is absorbed
which, causes the temp. to
increase with height
Can reach 3,600˚ F
Due to lack of atmosphere
to our skin the temp.
would feel very cold
http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-99826/The-layers-ofEarths-atmosphere
Exosphere
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310-621 miles above
Earth’s atmosphere
Last layer before space
Atmospheric gases, atoms,
molecules escape into
space
Where satellites are found
where is the atmosphere
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/images/at
mosphere_mural_jpg_image.html