Transcript Figure 01-04 Origin Solar System

An Introduction to
Geology
Ms. Pushie
Geology 12
CHS 2010
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What is Geology?
• Geology -The study of the Earth
• Geo =earth, ology study of
• Physical Geology examines the materials
and the processes of the earth
• Historical Geology examines the origin
and evolution of our planet through time
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Geology
• Geology is an evolving science
• What does evolving mean?
• Geology seeks to understand the origin of
our planet and our place in the universe.
3
How Does Geology Affect
Our Daily Lives?
• Natural Events
• Economics and
Politics
• Our role as Decision
Makers
• Consumers and
Citizens
• Sustainable
Development
4
Global Geologic and Environmental
Issues Facing Humankind
OVERPOPULATION?
• From a
population of 1
billion at the
beginning of
the 19th
century, our
species now
number more
than 6 billion
people.
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Global Geologic and Environmental
Issues Facing Humankind
• GLOBAL WARMING?
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Introducing the Earth
History of the Earth
Origin of the solar system
Origin of the Moon
Our changing earth surface
Unit 1: The nature of
Geology
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Origin Solar System
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5 Steps Origin of the Solar System
• 1. Nebula present in the milky way galaxy.
– A nebula is a vast cloud of dust and gas.
• 2. Collapse of the Nebular cloud
– 5 billion years ago the nebula began to
gravitationally contract, rotate and flatten.
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5 Steps Origin of the Solar System
• 3. The sun ignited (fusion) and
surrounding particles and gases
differentiated.
• 4. Heavier elements and chemical
components sank to the center particles
and rocky material formed the crust which
was the formation of planetesimals. The
newly formed planets released gases that
became the atmospheres.
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5 Steps Origin of the Solar System
• 5. Present
• solar system
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Origin of the Moon
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The Earths Spheres
• The Earth is composed of several parts
(spheres) that interact with one another:
•
atmosphere
•
hydrosphere
•
solid earth (lithosphere)
•
biosphere
•
(cryosphere)
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The Earths Spheres
Hydrosphere: the global ocean is the
most prominent feature of our (blue)
planet. The oceans cover ~71% of our
planet and represent 97% of all the water
on our planet. Hydro = water
Atmosphere: the swirling clouds of the
atmosphere represent the very thin
blanket of air that covers our planet. It’s
the air we breathe, and it protects us from
harmful radiation from the sun.
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The Earths Spheres
Biosphere: includes all life on Earth concentrated at the surface. Plants and
animals don't only respond the their
environment but also exercise a very
strong control over the other parts of the
planet. Bio = life
Solid Earth: represents the majority of
the Earth system. Most of the Earth lies
at inaccessible depths. However, the
solid Earth exerts a strong influence on
all other parts (ex. magnetic field).
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The Earth System
Can we act on one
sphere without acting
on the others?
What are some of the
interactions between
these spheres?
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The Face of the Earth
• The continents sit just above sea level, except for the mountain belts,
and include continental areas which are slightly covered by the oceans
(<100m depth).
• The oceans are about 5km deep in the basins, but run to 10km in the
trenches and as shallow as 2km on the mid-ocean ridges. \
•Where does te pattern come from?
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Earth– draw me!
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Why is Earth a Dynamic Planet
• The Core
– Solid inner, liquid outer
• The Mantle
– Surrounds the core, 3 different zones
• The Crust
– Ocean (water)
– Continental (land)
Plate tectonic Theory describes how
the 3 parts interact with one another.
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